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11.
Masami Kojima Yukihisa Suzuki Kensuke Sasaki Masao Taki Kanako Wake Soichi Watanabe Maya Mizuno Takafumi Tasaki Hiroshi Sasaki 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》2018,39(9):912-925
The objective of this study was to develop a model of ocular damage induced by 40, 75, and 95 GHz continuous millimeter waves (MMW), thereby allowing assessment of the clinical course of ocular damage resulting from exposure to thermal damage-inducing MMW. This study also examined the dependence of ocular damage on incident power density. Pigmented rabbit eyes were exposed to 40, 75, and 95 GHz MMW from a spot-focus-type lens antenna. Slight ocular damage was observed 10 min after MMW exposure, including reduced cornea thickness and reduced transparency. Diffuse fluorescein staining around the pupillary area indicated corneal epithelial injury. Slit-lamp examination 1 day after MMW exposure revealed a round area of opacity, accompanied by fluorescence staining, in the central pupillary zone. Corneal edema, indicative of corneal stromal damage, peaked 1 day after MMW exposure, with thickness gradually subsiding to normal. Three days after exposure, ocular conditions had almost normalized, though corneal thickness was slightly greater than that before exposure. The 50% probability of ocular damage (DD50) was in the order 40?>?95?≈?75 GHz at the same incident power densities. 相似文献
12.
A Study of Shadowing on Indoor Visible-Light Wireless Communication Utilizing Plural White LED Lightings 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Toshihiko Komine Shinichiro Haruyama Masao Nakagawa 《Wireless Personal Communications》2005,34(1-2):211-225
White LED is considered as a strong candidate for the future lighting technology. We have proposed an optical wireless communication
system that employs white LEDs for indoor wireless networks. In this system, LED is used not only as a lighting device, but
also as a communication device. The transmitter has large optical power and large emission characteristics to function as
lighting device. And the system has specific wireless channel impulse response differing from infrared wireless communication.
In this paper, we discuss about shadowing effect on the system utilizing plural LED lightings including the performance of
ISI based on the impulse response. We consider the downlink transmission based on TDMA and evaluate the shadowing effect caused
by pedestrians with computer simulation. When the shadowing often occurs at 800 Mb/s, the performance of outage call duration
rate and blocking rate are improved by using 3 LED lightings compared with 1 or 2 LED lightings. And, we show that the system
with the optimal number of the LED lighting is robust against shadowing and can accommodate more calls.
Toshihiko Komine was born in Shizuoka, Japan, on November 17, 1978. He received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in Information and Computer Science
from Keio University, Yokohama, Japan, in 2001 and 2003 respectively. He is currently studying for the Ph.D. degree at Department
of Information and Computer Science, Keio University. His current research interests are optical wireless communications and
LED communications.
Shinichiro Haruyama is a professor at Department of Information and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama,
Japan. He received an M.S. in engineering science from University of California at Berkeley in 1983 and a Ph.D. in computer
science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1990. He worked for Bell Laboratories of AT{&}T and Lucent Technologies,
U.S.A from 1991 to 1996, and for Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc. from 1998 to 2002. His research interests include
reconfigurable system, system design automation, wireless communication, and visible light communication.
Masao Nakagawa was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1946. He received the B.E., M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Keio University,
Yokohama, Japan, in 1969, 1971 and 1974 respectively. Since 1973, he has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering,
Keio University, where he is now a Professor. His research interests are in CDMA, consumer Communications, Mobile communications,
ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems), Wireless Home Networks, and Visible light Communication. He received 1989 IEEE Consumer
Electronics Society Paper Award, 1999-Fall Best Paper Award in IEEE VTC, IEICE Achievement Award in 2000, IEICE Fellow Award
in 2001. He was the executive committee chairman on International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications
in 1992 and the technical program committee chairman of ISITA (International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications)
in 1994. He is an editor of Wireless Personal Communications and was a guest editor of the special issues on “CDMA Networks
I, II, III and IV” published in IEEE JSAC in 1994 (I and II) and 1996 (III and IV). He chairs the Wireless Home Link sub-committee
in MMAC (Multimedia Mobile Access Communication Promotion Committee). 相似文献
13.
The oxidation of Fe(II) with dissolved molecular oxygen was studied in sulfuric acid solutions containing 0.2 mol . dm-3 FeSO4 at temperatures ranging from 343 to 363 K. In solutions of sulfuric acid above 0.4 mol . dm-3, the oxidation of Fe (II) was found to proceed through two parallel paths. In one path the reaction rate was proportional
to both [Fe2+]2 and po2, exhibiting an activation energy of 51.6 . kJ mol-1. In another path the reaction rate was proportional to [Fe2+]2, [SO4-], and po2 with an activation energy of 144.6 kJ . mol-1. A reaction mechanism in which the SO4- ions play an important role was proposed for the oxidation of Fe(II). In dilute solutions of sulfuric acid below 0.4 mol
. dm-3, the rate of the oxidation reaction was found to be proportional to both [Fe(II)]2 and Po2, and was also affected by [H+] and [SO2-
4]. The decrease in [H+] resulted in the increase of reaction rate. The discussion was further extended to the effect of Fe (III) on the oxidation
reaction of Fe (II). 相似文献
14.
Kohei Miyazaki Naotsugu Sugimura Koji Matsuoka Yasutoshi Iriyama Takeshi Abe Masao Matsuoka Zempachi Ogumi 《Journal of power sources》2008
Carbon-supported La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSM/C) was prepared by reversible homogeneous precipitation method, and its catalytic activities for oxygen reduction under the existence of ethylene glycol (EG) were investigated by using rotating disk electrode. LSM/C exhibited the high activity for oxygen reduction irrespective with the presence of EG, indicating that EG is not oxidized by LSM/C at the cathode side in the present system. Consequently, LSM/C can serve as a cathode catalyst in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells with no crossover problem. Performance test for fuel cells operation also supported these results and showed cathodic polarization curves were not affected by the concentration of EG supplied to anode even at 5 mol dm−3. 相似文献
15.
A variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) with a cooling stage permits long hours of observation of water-containing specimens in their natural or close to natural state, without the conventional specimen preparations of fixation, dehydration, drying and metal coating. It reduces water vaporization and beam damage by keeping the specimens at a low temperature. We observed Bacillus cereus colonies on nutrient agar, which would shrink significantly if any conventional specimen preparation technique were used. We also studied the growing process of the bacteria on raw and steamed rice using the VP-SEM without conventional preparation techniques. Original specimens were directly mounted onto specimen holders and their backscattered electron images observed under the following conditions: specimen stage temperature, -10 degrees C; specimen chamber vacuum level, 30-70 Pa; and accelerating voltage, 15-20 kV. We recognized that the VP-SEM minimized deformation of the colonies due to shrinkage of the nutrient agar, and successfully imaged the morphology of the colonies and bacteria without a decline in bacteria number, which is apt to occur during fixation and dehydration. Also, the growth process of the bacteria on raw or steamed rice could be observed promptly, since there is no specimen preparation step. 相似文献
16.
Yasushi Sobajima Kunihiro Mori Masahiro Tsukamoto Norimitsu Yoshida Masao Takahashi Hikaru Kobayashi Shuichi Nonomura 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2005,85(2):240-187
Effects of cyanide (CN) treatment with hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films have been investigated. The decrease of ΔV/V was observed in cyanide treated a-Si:H films and the successive thermal annealing at 200°C after CN treatment induced the further reduction of the ΔV/V. XPS spectra show the indirect evidence that the cyanide species is present within 10 nm from the hydrogenated amorphous silicon surface. The results of CN treatment with a-Si:H solar cells are demonstrated. 相似文献
17.
The recent deregulation of the market for electric power in many parts of the US and Canada has expanded the set of potential tools for managing the types of risks faced by both generators and consumers of electric power. In particular manufacturing and other firms whose operations are powered by electricity now face, on a continuing basis, the engineering management decisions concerning whether they should buy or produce electricity, and if they are to buy or sell electricity, what types of contracts are optimum. These types of risk management decisions typically involve futures, forwards, options and other financial derivatives. The price and volatility of electric power are known to play an essential role in determining which of these instruments should be used. However, electricity as a commodity possesses certain special features not shared by other commodities and hence its risk properties are not yet well understood. In this paper we consider and test certain hypotheses about the properties of electricity price using recent market data. We find that electricity prices possess certain volatility and other systematic properties that can be characterized by the type and method of delivery of electricity. These properties can be used by firms in formulating their optimal demand and supply schedules of electric power. 相似文献
18.
Preparation and properties of CuInS2 thin film prepared from electroplated precursor 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Yoshio Onuma Kenji Takeuchi Sumihiro Ichikawa Yasunari Suzuki Ryo Fukasawa Daisuke Matono Kenji Nakamura Masao Nakazawa Koji Takei 《Solar Energy》2006,80(1):132-138
Thin CuInS2 films were prepared by sulfurization of Cu/In bi-layers. First, the precursor layer was electroplated onto the treated surface of Mo-coated glass. Observation of the cross-section prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) etching revealed that the void-free film was initially formed on the top surface of the precursor layer and continued to grow until the advancing front of the film reached the Mo layer. The nucleation of voids near the bottom of the CuInS2 film followed. To determine whether the condition of the Cu/In alloy influences the CuInS2 quality we investigated the Cu/In alloy state using FIB. We found that the annealed precursor of low Cu/In ratio (1.2) has several voids in the mid position in the layer compared with Cu-rich precursor (1.6). The cross-sectional view of the Cu-rich absorber layer is uniform compared with the low copper absorber layer. Thin film solar cells were fabricated using the CuInS2 film (Cu/In ratio: 1.2) as an optical absorber layer. It was found that the optimization of a sulfurization period is important in order to improve the cell efficiency. We have not yet obtained good results with high Cu-rich absorber because of a blister problem. This blister was found before sulfurization. So, we are going to solve this blister problem before sulfurization. 相似文献
19.
A Two‐Stage Stochastic Mixed‐Integer Programming Approach to the Smart House Scheduling Problem 下载免费PDF全文
A “smart house” is a highly energy‐optimized house equipped with photovoltaic (PV) systems, electric battery systems, fuel cell (FC) cogeneration systems, electric vehicles (EVs), and so on. Smart houses are attracting much attention recently because of their enhanced ability to save energy by making full use of renewable energy and by achieving power grid stability despite an increased power draw for installed PV systems. Yet running a smart house's power system, with its multiple power sources and power storages, is no simple task. In this paper, we consider the problem of power scheduling for a smart house with a PV system, an FC cogeneration system, and an EV. We formulate the problem as a mixed‐integer programming problem, and then extend it to a stochastic programming problem involving recourse costs to cope with uncertain electricity demand, heat demand, and PV power generation. Using our method, we seek to achieve the optimal power schedule running at the minimum expected operation cost. We present some results of numerical experiments with data on real‐life demands and PV power generation to show the effectiveness of our method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(4): 48–58, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22336 相似文献
20.
YUYING WU HIROAKI IKEDA HIROFUMI YOSHIDA SHIGENOBU SHINOHARA 《International Journal of Communication Systems》1996,9(1):5-11
This paper describes two types of bidirectional addressed audio signal transmission systems where the square-wave frequency modulation (SWFM) and intensity modulation (IM) are used to obtain the optical SWFM signals generated from LEDs at 850 nm. The first one is an addressed audio signal transmission network of tree structure. The sender and auxiliary receiver in the centre are connected to four terminals, each consisting of a receiver and an auxiliary sender, through pairs of optical fibres and an optical splitter used as an optical signal distributor. The second one is a new type of full-duplex one-to-one communication system. The sender and auxiliary receiver in one terminal are connected to the receiver and auxiliary sender in the other terminal through an optical fibre and a pair of directional couplers. Although LEDs in the second system deliver optical SWFM signals at the same wavelength of 850 nm at the same time, the communications are satisfactory because there is no interference from one LED to the other. In both the first and second experimental systems, the audio signal, address, and SWFM carrier occupy 10 Hz to 20 kHz, 65 kHz to 710 kHz, and 6 MHz, respectively. The SNR and distortion were 62 dB and 0.4 per cent, respectively. 相似文献