Graphics Evolutionary Computations in Higher Order Parametric Bezier Curves

This work demonstrates in practical terms the evolutionary concepts and computational applications of Parametric Curves. Specific cases were drawn from higher order parametric Bezier curves of degrees 2 and above. Bezier curves find real life applications in diverse areas of Engineering and Computer Science, such as computer graphics, robotics, animations, virtual reality, among others. Some of the evolutionary issues explored in this work are in the areas of parametric equations derivations, proof of related theorems, first and second order calculus related computations, among others. A Practical case is demonstrated using a graphical design, physical hand sketching, and programmatic implementation of two opposite-faced handless cups, all evolved using quadratic Bezier curves. The actual drawing was realized using web graphics canvas programming based on HTML 5 and JavaScript. This work will no doubt find relevance in computational researches in the areas of graphics, web programming, automated theorem proofs, robotic motions, among others.     

Preparation and biological evaluation of <Superscript>99<Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis></Superscript>Tc-timonacic acid as a new complex for hepatobiliary imaging

Timonacic acid (TCA) was successfully labeled with ^99m Tc. The influence exerted on the reaction by the substrate and reducing agent concentrations, pH of the reaction mixture, and reaction time was examined, and in vitro stability of ^99m Tc-TCA was evaluated. The maximum labeling yield was 98.5 ± 0.6%. The complex was stable throughout the working period (6 h). A study of in-vivo biodistribution in mice showed that the maximum uptake of ^99m Tc-TCA in the liver was 22.3 ± 0.3% of the injected activity per gram of the tissue or organ (% ID/g) at 30 min post injection. The clearance from the mice appeared to proceed via the circulation mainly through the kidneys and urine (approximately 56% of the injected dose at 1 h after injection). The liver uptake of ^99m Tc-TCA is higher than that of ^99m Tc-UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid); therefore, ^99m Tc-TCA shows more promise for liver SPECT.     

Generalized thermoelastic diffusion in a nanoscale beam using eigenvalue approach

In this paper, the effect of mass diffusion in a thermoelastic nanoscale beam in context Lord and Shulman theory is studied. The analytical solution in the Laplace domain is obtained for lateral deflection, temperature, displacement, concentration, stress and chemical potential. The both ends of the nanoscale beam are simply supported. The basic equations have been written in the form of a vector-matrix differential equation in the Laplace transform domain, which is then solved by an eigenvalue approach. The results obtained are presented graphically for the effect of time and mass diffusion to display the phenomena physical meaning.     

Fuzzy-HLSTM (Hierarchical Long Short-Term Memory) for Agricultural Based Information Mining

This research proposes a machine learning approach using fuzzy logic to build an information retrieval system for the next crop rotation. In case-based reasoning systems, case representation is critical, and thus, researchers have thoroughly investigated textual, attribute-value pair, and ontological representations. As big databases result in slow case retrieval, this research suggests a fast case retrieval strategy based on an associated representation, so that, cases are interrelated in both either similar or dissimilar cases. As soon as a new case is recorded, it is compared to prior data to find a relative match. The proposed method is worked on the number of cases and retrieval accuracy between the related case representation and conventional approaches. Hierarchical Long Short-Term Memory (HLSTM) is used to evaluate the efficiency, similarity of the models, and fuzzy rules are applied to predict the environmental condition and soil quality during a particular time of the year. Based on the results, the proposed approaches allows for rapid case retrieval with high accuracy.     

Dynamic storage and access load balancing for answering range queries in peer-to-peer networks

Recently, many applications have used Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems to overcome the current problems with client/server systems such as non-scalability, high bandwidth requirement and single point of failure. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme to support efficient range query processing over structured P2P systems, while balancing both the storage load and access load. The paper proposes a rotating token scheme to balance the storage load by placing joining nodes in appropriate locations in the identifier space to share loads with already overloaded nodes. Then, to support range queries, we utilize an order-preserving mapping function to map keys to nodes in order preserving way and without hashing. This may result in an access load imbalance due to non-uniform distribution of keys in the identifier space. Thus, we propose an adaptive replication scheme to relieve overloaded nodes by shedding some load on other nodes to balance the access load. We derive a formula for estimating the overhead of the proposed adaptive replication scheme. In this study, we carry simulation experiments with synthetic data to measure the performance of the proposed schemes. Our simulation experiments show significant gains in both storage load balancing and access load balancing.     

Interval type-2 fuzzy inverse controller design in nonlinear IMC structure

In the recent years it has been demonstrated that type-2 fuzzy logic systems are more effective in modeling and control of complex nonlinear systems compared to type-1 fuzzy logic systems. An inverse controller based on type-2 fuzzy model can be proposed since inverse model controllers provide an efficient way to control nonlinear processes. Even though various fuzzy inversion methods have been devised for type-1 fuzzy logic systems up to now, there does not exist any method for type-2 fuzzy logic systems. In this study, a systematic method has been proposed to form the inverse of the interval type-2 Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model based on a pure analytical method. The calculation of inverse model is done based on simple manipulations of the antecedent and consequence parts of the fuzzy model. Moreover, the type-2 fuzzy model and its inverse as the primary controller are embedded into a nonlinear internal model control structure to provide an effective and robust control performance. Finally, the proposed control scheme has been implemented on an experimental pH neutralization process where the beneficial sides are shown clearly.     

Variational sensitivity analysis and design optimization

Variational method (VM) is employed to derive the co-state equations, boundary (transversality) conditions, and functional sensitivity derivatives. The converged solutions of the state equations together with the steady state solution of the co-state equations are integrated along the domain boundary to uniquely determine the functional sensitivity derivatives with respect to the design function. The application of the variational method to aerodynamic shape optimization problems is demonstrated on internal flow problems at supersonic Mach number range of 1.5. Optimization results for flows with and without shock phenomena are presented. The study shows that while maintaining the accuracy of aerodynamical objective function and constraint within the reasonable range for engineering prediction purposes, variational method provides a substantial gain in computational efficiency, i.e., computer time and memory, when compared with the finite difference computations.     

Rotary flexible joint control by fractional order controllers

In this paper, a fractional order control law is proposed and implemented for the evaluation of trajectory tracking performance of a rotary flexible-joint system. A state feedback based fractional integral control scheme is used in this proposed method. In this scheme, state feedback is responsible for stabilizing the system. The compensator, in series with the fractional integrator leads to obtain a similar closed-loop transient response like Bode’s ideal transfer function. The effectiveness of the proposed controller in tracking and being robust against parameter uncertainties is demonstrated through simulation. In addition, to show the usefulness of the proposed control scheme, the fractional controller is compared to an integer state feedback control by simulation and through experimentation on the Quanser’s rotary flexible-joint system.     

Multi-directional blending for heterogeneous objects

This paper presents a novel multi-directional blending method for heterogeneous object design. Contrary to earlier studies, this paper introduces material blending through multiple features with different heterogeneous material composition. Feature-based method is used to represent and design heterogeneous objects with multi-directional material composition. The Voronoi diagram of multiple curves is constructed to generate bisector of the geometric domain. Then, metamorphosis from the bounding curve to multiple internal curves is performed using dynamic programming based optimization approach in two steps. First, optimum curve matching between internal curves and enclosing Voronoi cells is obtained. Then, an optimum ruling line alignment and insertion technique between the Voronoi diagram and the bounding curve is developed. Metamorphosis through complex concavities is also achieved. Finally, multi-directional material composition is mapped based on a set of relations.