Agronomic Factors Related to the Quality of Wheat for the Starch Industry. Part I: Sprout Damage

The wheat starch industry in the Netherlands processes about 300.000 t of wheat annually. However, only a small percentage of this wheat is grown in the Netherlands although it has been demonstrated that Dutch wheat varieties can also be successfully processed. Climatological and cultural aspects can however negatively affect Dutch wheat quality. Due to climatological conditions the Dutch wheat regularly suffers from sprout damage. It is for this reason that the effects of sprout damage on processing quality and quality of gluten and starch have been investigated using a pilot scale gluten starch separating system. Low levels of sprout damage appeared to have no effect on gluten yield and even improved the gluten coagulation. In baking tests also no effect of sprout damage on gluten quality could be detected. On the other hand, low levels of sprout damage may lead to a lower starch yield and starch has low viscosity characteristics, limiting its scope of application. Also the amount of solubles in the waste water was increased. These findings lead to a further definition of requirements of wheat for the starch industry, enabling future selection of wheat on the basis of more accurate criteria.     

Reducing the mean squared error of quantile-based estimators by smoothing

Many univariate robust estimators are based on quantiles. As already theoretically pointed out by Fernholz (in J. Stat. Plan. Inference 57(1), 29–38, 1997), smoothing the empirical distribution function with an appropriate kernel and bandwidth can reduce the variance and mean squared error (MSE) of some quantile-based estimators in small data sets. In this paper we apply this idea on several robust estimators of location, scale and skewness. We propose a robust bandwidth selection and bias reduction procedure. We show that the use of this smoothing method indeed leads to smaller MSEs, also at contaminated data sets. In particular, we obtain better performances for the medcouple which is a robust measure of skewness that can be used for outlier detection in skewed distributions.     

Principaux facteurs d'immunite et de corrosion du nickel dans un milieu bacterien

The corrosion of nickel has been studied in fresh and sea-water, in the presence of 17 bacteria of various properties and with four different nutrients. The metal is protected by a bacterium living normally. A small amount of corrosion can occur with living bacteria consuming a small amount of oxygen. Cases of severe corrosion are observed when the bacteria disappear. Bacterial death can be caused by acid pH, high redox potential and dissolved nickel ions.     

地面中继式无线电数字集群通信无线电系统在重大国际赈灾中的应用

Ⅰ. AN OVERVIEW OF THE THIRD GEN-ERATION COMMAND AND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (CC3) OF THE HONG KONG POLICE FORCE1.1 CC1The first generation command and control communi-cations center of the HKPF (CC1) was established in     

New crosslinked polyurethane elastomers with various physical properties from natural rubber derivatives

New hydroxytelechelic cis‐1,4‐oligoisoprenes exhibiting variable values and distributions of the hydroxyl functionality were successfully prepared. The synthesis reactions involved chemical modifications of carbonyl telechelic cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene, which was obtained by controlled degradation of synthetic or natural rubber. These new oligomers were reacted with toluene diisocyanate to elaborate crosslinked polyurethane elastomers. The thermomechanical properties of the prepared polyurethanes were investigated. The results show a strong relationship between the chemical structures and properties. This work mainly shows the potentiality of making new crosslinking polyurethane materials with controlled and various properties from natural rubber, a renewable resource. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Wavelet denoising for infrared laser spectroscopy and gas detection

After a brief introduction to wavelet theory, this paper discusses the critical parameters to be considered in wavelet denoising for infrared laser spectroscopy. In particular, it is shown that measurement dispersion as well as sensibility can be dramatically improved when using wavelet denoising for gas detection by infrared laser absorption spectroscopy.     

Correlations among soils’ features,forest plant species,and vegetable crops in Tokpli mining zone (South Togo)

ABSTRACT

Agriculture and forestry resources are central to African development. In this study, Tokpli mining zone (Togo) soils were characterised and the ones appropriate to garden crops and reforested species identified and located on a map using several database and literature. Results showed that tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) and chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) are suitable for slightly acidic clay soils of Ahlimegni. Abelmoschus esculentus is suitable for Assou-kondji soil. Solanum macrocarpon was found appropriate to Ziome-kondji and Anagonou-kpota soils. Forest species such as Salix babylonica, Khaya senegalensis, Eucalyptus spp., and Terminalia superba exhibited best growth on slightly acidic clay soils of Ahlimegni area, rich in organic matter. Acacia auriculiformis, Azadirachta indica, Cola gigantea, and Albizia zigya can grow better on the slightly basic sandy soils of Anagonou-kpota and Ziome-kondji. Other species like Gmelina arborea, Mangifera indica, Salix babylonica, and Morinda lucida were found not selective and could be reforested on all soil types.     

Das allgemeine Gleichungssystem des Käfigläufermotors unter Berücksichtigung der Oberfelder

Übersicht Eine erste Betrachtung des allgemeinen Gleichungssystems läßt erkennen, unter welchen Umständen Unipolarflüsse auftreten können. Anschließend wird die Anwendung des allgemeinen Gleichungssystems anhand von zwei Beispielen erläutert. Der Einfluß der Oberfelder läßt sich verhältnismäßig einfach ermitteln, wenn man sich auf den stationären Zustand beschränkt.Eine Untersuchung der Gegeninduktivitätsmatrix ergibt die Nutenzahlverhältnisse, bei denen beachtliche fremdfrequente Ströme in der Ständerwicklung zu erwarten sind. Hieraus geht hervor, daß sie bei bestimmten Nutenzahlen sogar schon in Sternschaltung ohne parallele Zweige entstchen.

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Contents A first consideration of the general system of equations shows under which circumstances homopolar fluxes can occur. Later on the application of the general system of equations will be illustrated by two examples. The influence of the space harmonics can be comparatively simply determined if the calculation is limited to the steady-state behaviour.An investigation of the matrix of mutual inductances yields the combinations of numbers of slots by which considerable currents at frequences which differ from the supply frequence may be expected in the stator. This indicates that they can occur even if the stator windings are connected in star and possess no parallel paths.