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151.
Dairy cow lameness is a serious animal welfare issue. It is also a significant cause of economic losses, reducing reproductive efficiency and milk production and increasing culling rates. The digital cushion is a complex structure composed mostly of adipose tissue located underneath the distal phalanx and has recently been phenotypically associated with incidence of claw horn disruption lesions (CHDL); namely, sole ulcers and white line disease. The objective of this study was to characterize digital cushion thickness genetically and to investigate its association with body condition score (BCS), locomotion score (LOCO), CHDL, and milk production. Data were collected from 1 large closely monitored commercial dairy farm located in upstate New York; 923 dairy cows were used. Before trimming, the following data were collected by a member of the research team: BCS, cow height measurement, and LOCO. Presence or not of CHDL (sole ulcer or white line disease, or both) was recorded at trimming. Immediately after the cows were hoof trimmed, they underwent digital sonographic B-mode examination for the measurement of digital cushion thickness. Factors such as parity number, stage of lactation, calving date, mature-equivalent 305-d milk yield (ME305MY), and pedigree information were obtained from the farm’s dairy management software (DairyCOMP 305; Valley Agricultural Software, Tulare, CA). Univariate animal models were used to obtain variance component estimations for each studied trait (CHDL, BCS, digital cushion thickness average, LOCO, height, and ME305MY) and a 6-variate analysis was conducted to estimate the genetic, residual, and phenotypic correlations between the studied traits. The heritability estimate of DCTA was 0.33 ± 0.09, whereas a statistically significant genetic correlation was estimated between DCTA and CHDL (−0.60 ± 0.29). Of the other genetic correlations, significant estimates were derived for BCS with LOCO (−0.49 ± 0.19) and ME305MY (−0.48 ± 0.20). Digital cushion thickness is moderately heritable and genetically strongly correlated with CHDL. 相似文献
152.
Igor V. Zagaynov Ivan V. Shelepin Anatoly A. Konovalov Ekaterina A. Obraztsova Alexander V. Naumkin Alexey V. Bykov Vladimir G. Leontiev 《Ceramics International》2021,47(6):8142-8149
Ceria based solid solutions doped by Gd, Bi, and the third dopant were synthesized by the co-precipitation method with ultrasonic treatment, followed by calcination at the temperature of 500°С. Characterization of the synthesized nanosystems by XRD, TEM, TG, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS was carried out. It is shown that all obtained powders of solid solutions crystallized into a cubic structure of the fluorite type, with an average particle size of 5–15 nm. The samples had a mesoporous structure of the pore diameter of 2–5 nm. The catalytic activity of Gd-Bi-M-Ce-O (M = Cu, Zr, Ni, Co, Mn) solid solutions was carried out. The catalyst Gd0.05Bi0.15Mn0.20Ce0.60O2 has the lowest oxidation temperature. 相似文献
153.
154.
Elton Joao Zierhut Rodrigo Battisti Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado Cintia Marangoni 《化学工程与技术》2020,43(9):1884-1896
Intrinsic characteristics of distillation such as dead time and high nonlinearities do not allow the complete elimination of transient times when any external disturbance or set-point change occurs. Thus, aiming at the use of easy-tuning systems, a distributed-action control in trays of a diabatic distillation unit with Smith's predictor was implemented in the Simulink environment to further reduce transient times and out-of-specification product. The distributed-action strategy with Smith's predictor led to a reduction of 33.3 min (33 %) in the transient time of the top temperature control loop and 66 % in out-of-specification product, when compared with the conventional strategy, and thus is shown to be an efficient approach to increasing the productivity of distillation plants. 相似文献
155.
Dicho Stratiev Ivelina Shishkova Mihail Ivanov Ivan Chavdarov Dobromir Yordanov 《化学工程与技术》2020,43(11):2266-2276
The effect of the quality of ebullated bed vacuum residue H-Oil hydrocracking gas oils cracked in a commercial fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) on its performance was studied. Six different catalysts were employed in this study. Four catalysts were tested in a commercial FCCU, and two in a laboratory FCCU. An increase of the H-Oil hydrocracker reaction temperature was associated with a decrease in the KW factor of the H-Oil gas oils. The diminished KW factor of H-Oil gas oils resulted in lower FCCU conversion and higher regenerator temperatures. The FCC conversion at maximum gasoline yield is best predicted by the feed KW factor. The higher-activity, higher-Δcoke catalyst is unfavorable for FCCU performance because the excessive regenerator temperature excursions require reduction of the throughput. 相似文献
156.
157.
Carla Giovana Luciano Larissa Tessaro Rodrigo Vinicius Lourenço Ana Mônica Quinta Barbosa Bittante Andrezza Maria Fernandes Isabel Cristina Freitas Moraes Paulo José do Amaral Sobral 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2021,56(2):587-599
The addition of nisin into a gelatin matrix can change properties of the film. The aim of this work was to develop gelatin-based films containing different nisin concentrations in order to study their influence on the film's antimicrobial and physical properties and their rheological properties as a film-forming solution (FFS). The FFS was characterised by rheological assays, and the gelatin-based active films were characterised and assessed by the effects of nisin concentrations on their various properties, including antimicrobial activity. Nisin's concentration affected not only its viscoelastic properties of FFS but also its film solubility in water, film surface roughness and light barrier. The addition of nisin also slightly modified the water contact angle and the mechanical properties of the gelatin films. Finally, the films demonstrated activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes at concentrations above 56 mg of nisin g−1 of gelatin. 相似文献
158.
Rodolpho Rodrigues Fonseca Ana Maria Frattini Fileti Ivan Carlos Franco 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2016,203(9):1251-1259
With respect to environmental concerns, biofuels have been used around the world, such as biodiesel, and any improvement in the biodiesel production process is desirable. This paper proposes three different control systems based on fuzzy logic and output control signal split-range. Regulating reaction temperature with low settling time and process variable oscillation are the process control aims, and smooth output control signal for actuators protection is also desired. An automated biodiesel production prototype was used and the experimental results demonstrate that a fuzzy/split-range structure with three input variables showed the best performance, resulting in process variable regulation in set-point value with small settling time and actuators premature wearing prevention. 相似文献
159.
Ivanov Vitalii Pavlenko Ivan Liaposhchenko Oleksandr Gusak Oleksandr Pavlenko Vita 《Wireless Networks》2021,27(3):1657-1664
Wireless Networks - Fixtures play a significant role in ensuring the quality of products in manufacturing engineering. The paper considers fork-type parts that have a complex spatial configuration... 相似文献
160.
Liu Shuai Bai Weiling Srivastava Gautam Machado J. A. Tenreiro 《Mobile Networks and Applications》2020,25(4):1537-1547
Mobile Networks and Applications - The increment of communication technologies and the development of signal processing require efficient identification techniques for communication... 相似文献