ZnO纳米棒水热法生长与表征

采用两步法在FTO导电玻璃衬底上制备ZnO纳米棒,首先利用浸渍-提拉法在FTO导电玻璃衬底上制备ZnO晶种层,然后把有ZnO晶种层的FTO衬底放入盛有生长溶液的反应釜中利用水热法制备ZnO纳米棒.研究了生长溶液的浓度、生长温度和生长时间对所制备的对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微结构和光致发光性能的影响,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)研究了ZnO样品的结构、形貌和光学性质.实验结果表明:所制备的ZnO纳米棒呈现六方纤锌矿结构,沿(002)晶面择优取向生长,纳米棒的平均直径约为100 nm,长度约为2.5 μm.所制备的ZnO纳米棒在390 nm附近具有很强的紫外发光峰和在550 nm附近有较弱的宽绿光发光峰.     

Synthesis and in vitro Anticancer Activity of Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines Conjugated with Coumarin Derivatives for Dual Photodynamic and Chemotherapy

The combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy is a promising strategy to overcome growing problems in contemporary medicine, such as low therapeutic efficacy and drug resistance. Four zinc(II) phthalocyanine–coumarin conjugates were synthesized and characterized. In these complexes, zinc(II) phthalocyanine was used as the photosensitizing unit, and a coumarin derivative was selected as the cytostatic moiety; the two components were linked via a tri(ethylene glycol) chain. These conjugates exhibit high photocytotoxicity against HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells, with low IC₅₀ values in the range of 0.014–0.044 μM . The high photodynamic activities of these conjugates are in accordance with their low aggregation tendency and high cellular uptake. One of these conjugates exhibits high photocytotoxicity and significantly higher chemocytotoxicity. The results clearly show that the two antitumor components in these conjugates work in a cooperative fashion. As shown by confocal microscopy, the conjugates can localize in the mitochondria and lysosomes, and one of the conjugates can also localize in the cell nuclei.     

Identification of para‐Substituted Benzoic Acid Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of the Protein Phosphatase Slingshot

Slingshot proteins form a small group of dual‐specific phosphatases that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics through dephosphorylation of cofilin and Lim kinases (LIMK). Small chemical compounds with Slingshot‐inhibiting activities have therapeutic potential against cancers or infectious diseases. However, only a few Slingshot inhibitors have been investigated and reported, and their cellular activities have not been examined. In this study, we identified two rhodanine‐scaffold‐based para‐substituted benzoic acid derivatives as competitive Slingshot inhibitors. The top compound, (Z)‐4‐((4‐((4‐oxo‐2‐thioxo‐3‐(o‐tolyl)thiazolidin‐5‐ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)methyl)benzoic acid ( D3 ) had an inhibition constant (K_i) of around 4 μm and displayed selectivity over a panel of other phosphatases. Moreover, compound D3 inhibited cell migration and cofilin dephosphorylation after nerve growth factor (NGF) or angiotensin II stimulation. Therefore, our newly identified Slingshot inhibitors provide a starting point for developing Slingshot‐targeted therapies.     

Nondestructive Estimation of Fat Constituents of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seeds by Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

A rapid and efficient method for oil constituent estimation in intact sesame seeds was developed through near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and was used to evaluate a sesame germplasm collection conserved in China. A total of 342 samples were scanned by reflectance NIR in a range of 950–1650 nm, and the reference values for oil content and fatty acid (FA) profiles were measured by Soxhlet and gas chromatograph methods. Useful chemometric models were developed using partial least squares regression with full cross‐validation. The equations had low standard errors of cross‐validation, and high coefficient of determination of cross‐validation (R_c²) values (>0.8) except for stearic acid (0.794). In external validation, r² values of oil and FA composition equations ranged from 0.815 (arachidonic acid) to 0.877 (linoleic acid). The relative predictive determinant (RPD_v) values for all equations were more than 2.0. The whole‐seed NIR spectroscopy equations for oil content and FA profiles can be used for sesame seed quality rapid evaluation. The background information of the 4399 germplasm resources and accessions with high linoleic acid content identified in this study should be useful for developing new sesame cultivars with desirable FA compositions in future breeding programs.     

Synthesis and characterization of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide nanocomposite weak gels with high molecular weights

High‐molecular‐weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide nanocomposite (HPAMNC) weak gels were synthesized and evaluated for their flooding behaviors in oil‐recovery applications. The structure, morphology, and properties of the obtained HPAMNC samples and their weak gels were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD patterns clearly proved the exfoliation of the montmorillonite (MMT) layers in the polymer matrix; this was consistent with TEM analysis. The morphology of the HPAMNC was proven to be in a cross‐wire aggregated form by SEM analysis. The viscosity‐average molecular mass of the obtained HPAMNC was approximately 8.51 × 10⁶ under the optimized MMT load at 1.0 wt %. The flooding experiments showed that the oil‐recovery rates in sand pack tubes with low and high permeability were enhanced by approximately 35.1 and 46.2%, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42626.     

The Nitrolysis Mechanism of 3,7‐Dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane

Two intermediates, 1,5‐dinitroso‐3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (DNDS) and 1‐nitroso‐3,5,7‐trinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (MNX), were isolated and characterized in the synthesis of 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) from the nitrolysis of 3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) for the first time. When the nitrolysis of DPT was slowed down, two intermediates were detected with HPLC. It was proposed that electrophilic NO₂⁺ and NO⁺ from HNO₃ and N₂O₄ might attack nitrogen atoms at positions 3 and 7 of DPT to form the cations of the intermediates, then nucleophilic H₂O attacked the bridge carbon atoms of DPT to produce the intermediates, which were oxidized to form HMX.     

立体旋液式并流塔板的海水脱硫特性

引言海水烟气脱硫技术是利用天然海水的弱碱性吸收烟气中的SO2,达到净化烟气的目的[1-4]。该技术在最近四十年内已在世界范围内众多大型电厂实现工业化应用[5-6],目前,多数海水烟气脱硫系统采用ABB(即ALSTOM)公司的Flakt-Hydro工艺[7-8],以脱硫塔作为主要的吸收设备,如:喷淋     

碳化作用下轻骨料混凝土干缩变形及影响规律

采用碳化试验和干燥收缩试验相结合,研究了轻骨料混凝土在碳化作用下的干缩变形发展规律及其影响因素。结果表明,加速碳化作用下,轻骨料混凝土的干缩变形显著增长,而随着矿物掺合料的掺入,干缩率得到一定程度的抑制,其中掺超细粉煤灰轻骨料混凝土碳化干缩率最小;骨料预湿完全条件下轻骨料混凝土水胶比越大,碳化干缩变形越大;轻骨料混凝土在高浓度CO2加速碳化作用下干缩变形显著高于自然碳化混凝土;而在相对湿度50%条件下碳化时,其干缩率要大于其它湿度条件下的试样;另外,轻骨料预湿后混凝土碳化干缩率要低于未预湿轻骨料混凝土。因此,在实际工程中,选择合适的矿物掺合料、水胶比、养护条件以及骨料的预湿工艺对轻骨料混凝土的减缩防裂具有较好的效果。     

垃圾微波裂解处理工艺研究

城市生活垃圾处理已成为现代化大型城市的一种极大的威胁。我国城市生活垃圾的无害化方法主要有卫生填埋法、焚烧法、堆肥法和资源化综合处理法。本文探讨了垃圾微波裂解处理工艺,确定了最佳氮气流量0.2 m3/h;垃圾停留时间t=2.63 h、预热时间t1=1.25 h、分解时间t2=1.48 h;350℃时垃圾开始裂解;554℃裂解结束;裂解反应过程平稳。