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71.
72.
P. Balle H. Bockhorn B. Geiger N. Jan S. Kureti D. Reichert T. Schrder 《Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification》2006,45(12):1065-1073
This study deals with the development of a laboratory bench for the practical evaluation of catalysts that are useful for the direct conversion of NOx and soot in the exhaust of diesel engines. The employed model exhaust is generated by using a diffusion burner with additionally dosing some gaseous components to the burner gas to obtain a realistic feed composition. The produced soot is extensively characterized by employing thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, N2 physisorption and temperature programmed techniques. The results of the different characterization methods show that the present soot is suitable for the intended catalytic investigations. The simultaneous conversion of NOx and soot is examined like in practice, i.e. the soot is separated from the tail gas by a diesel particulate filter (DPF) that is coated with the catalyst. The deposited soot is then catalytically converted by NOx and O2 to form N2 and CO2. The conversions of NOx and soot are measured by exclusively applying gas analysers, whereby a special experimental procedure is developed to determine the soot removal. Hence, additional soot related analytics are not required. To show the suitability of the constructed bench a Pt/Fe2O3/β-zeolite sample is taken as test catalyst that is reported to be very active in NOx/soot reaction. The measurements performed with and without catalyst clearly show the effect of the used sample in simultaneous NOx/soot conversion. We therefore consider the constructed laboratory bench to be a useful tool for testing and ranking catalytic materials. 相似文献
73.
This paper presents work directed at capturing the entrepreneurial and collaborative activity of university researchers. The Triple Helix points to the emergence of the entrepreneurial university as well as to an increasing overlay of activities in universities, industry and government. This study explores ways in which patent-based metrics could be utilized in a Triple Helix context, and how hybrid indicators could be developed by combining patent with survey data. More specifically, it aims to develop indicators that connect technological inventiveness of university researchers to both funding organizations and users, as well as to entrepreneurial activities by academics. The paper develops a simplified model of the innovation process to benchmark the relevance of the indicators to the Triple Helix. An analysis of Finnish academic patents illustrates that patent data can already provide useful indicators but, on its own, cannot provide information about how academic patents are interconnected with government or industry through funding or utilization links. An exclusive analysis of patents can point to patent concentrations on certain universities, to inventors and assignees, or to potential gaps in translating applied science into industrial technology. However, the patent data had to be combined with an inventor survey in order to relate academic patents more to their Triple Helix environment. The survey indicated that most patented academic inventions are connected to (often publicly funded) scientific research by the inventors and tend to be utilized in large firms rather than in start-up companies founded by academic entrepreneurs. 相似文献
74.
75.
Fluorescence microscopy techniques have become important tools in mitosis research. The well-known disadvantages of fluorescence microscopy, rapid bleaching, phototoxicity and out-of-focus contributions blurring the in-focus image are obstacles which still need to be overcome. Confocal fluorescence microscopy has the potential to improve our capabilities of analyzing cells, because of its excellent depth-discrimination and image processing power. We have been using a confocal fluorescence microscope for the study of the mechanism of poleward chromosome movement, and report here (1) a cell preparation technique, which allows labeling of fixation sensitive spindle antigens with acceptable microtubule preservation; (2) the use of image processing methods to represent the spatial distribution of various labeled elements in pseudocolour; (3) a novel immunoelectron microscopic labeling method for microtubules, which allows the visualization of their distribution in semithin sections at low magnification; and (4) a first attempt to study microtubule dynamics with a confocal fluorescence microscope in living cells, microinjected with rhodamine labeled tubulin. Our experience indicates that confocal fluorescence microscopy provides real advantages for the study of spatial colocalization of antigens in the mitotic spindle. It does not, however, overcome the basic limits of resolution of the light microscope. Therefore, it has been necessary to use an electron microscopic method. Our preliminary results with living cells show that it is possible to visualize the entire microtubule network in stereo, but that the sensitivity of the instrument is still too low to perform dynamic time studies. It will be worthwhile to further develop this new type of optical instrumentation and explore its usefulness on both fixed and living cells. 相似文献
76.
The Steady radial distribution of chemical species in a wire‐to‐cylinder ozone generator filled with pure oxygen has been computed by applying four different plasma chemistry models of increasing complexity. The most complete model considers ten species (e, O2 +, O2 ?, O3 ?, O?, O2, O2(1Δg), O2(1∑g +), O and O3) and 79 reactions, including ionization by electron impact, electron attachment and detachment, electron-ion recombination, charge transfer, etc. The chemical model is coupled with the electrical model through Poisson's equation. The spatially averaged ozone density has been computed as a function of the current intensity and compared with the experimental values obtained by UV spectroscopy. 相似文献
77.
van Gelderen Amos; Schoonen Rob; de Glopper Kees; Hulstijn Jan; Simis Annegien; Snellings Patrick; Stevenson Marie 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,96(1):19
The authors report results of a study into the role of components of first-language (L1; Dutch) and second-language (L2; English) reading comprehension. Differences in the contributions of components of L1 and L2 reading comprehension are analyzed, in particular processing speed in L1 and L2. Findings indicate that regression weights of the L1 and L2 components are different. Although correlations between most processing speed components and reading comprehension are substantial, there are no unique contributions to the explanation of either L1 or L2 reading comprehension when linguistic and metacognitive knowledge are accounted for. In addition, L1 reading comprehension is shown to have a large contribution to L2 reading comprehension, supporting theories of L1-L2 transfer of reading skills. Results are discussed from a developmental perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
78.
Sialon ceramics are a modern type of engineering ceramics with excellent mechanical, thermal and corrosion resistant properties. This paper describes the structure characterisation of porous sialon ceramics. It is possible to significantly improve the strength and crack resistance of sialon ceramics as a result of a reduction of the volume fraction of porosity. 相似文献
79.
Leedham Beth; Meyerowitz Beth E.; Muirhead Jan; Frist William H. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,14(1):74
We explored the relations between positive expectations and adjustment, adherence, and health in cardiac transplant patients. Thirty-one patients and their nurse completed questionnaires before transplantation and at 3 times after surgery. As predicted, patients' self-reported positive expectations were generally associated with good mood, adjustment to the illness, and quality of life, even in patients who experienced health setbacks. High preoperative expectations predicted later adherence to a complex medical regimen. Positive expectations measured before the transplant predicted a substantial amount of the variance in the nurse's ratings of physical health 6 months after surgery, covarying for adherence behavior and preoperative health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
80.
A scheme of force variation during the compression of a spring in both elastic and elastic-plastic state is presented. For the elastic state it has been found that equivalent load increments occur with equivalent deflection increments. In the elastic-plastic state equivalent load increments correspond to higher deflection increments. Prestressing the spring increases the range of the elastic deformation of a spring. Equations for the determination of torsional moment during prestressing and relationships of total non-dilatational strain versus elastic strain and radii of elastic zone are also presented. The effect of characteristic spring dimensions and non-dilatational strain on spring deflection has been determined. A nomogram for the determination of the resultant equivalent strain as a function of external load, also considering residual stress distribution, has as well been elaborated. 相似文献