A New Demand Defrost Control for Domestic Forced Draft Refrigerator/Freezers and Freezers

The control described is based on the combination of three techniques to develop an accurate low-cost unit responsive to frost loading on evaporator coils. For sensing, a fluidic type sensor monitors the air pressure drop across the evaporator, responding to signals in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 in of water. To detect the signal from the sensor, a simple yet highly accurate and reliable transistor bridge circuit is used. A motor driven timer, which integrates the detected signal, provides a uniform period for defrost and run off, and switches the relatively high currents of the defrost and compressor circuits. The use of this system can extend the interdefrost interval in low humidity conditions by a factor of 3 or 4.     

The quality control chart for monitoring multivariate autocorrelated processes

Previously, quality control and improvement researchers discussed multivariate control charts for independent processes and univariate control charts for autocorrelated processes separately. We combine the two topics and propose vector autoregressive (VAR) control charts for multivariate autocorrelated processes. In addition, we estimate AR(p) models instead of ARMA models for the systematic cause of variation. We discuss the procedures to construct the VAR chart. We examine the effects of parameter shifts and by example present procedures to show the feasibility of VAR control charts. We simulate the average run length to assess the performance of the chart.     

The preparation and electrical properties of NiSexS2−x pyrites

Crystals of the NiSe_xS_2?x pyrite solid solution series were prepared by chemical transport with Cl₂. With increasing temperature, resistivity increases sharply in compositions with 0.47 ≤ x ≤ 0.54. The transition temperature increases with x from 30K to 100K. Disagreement is found with recently reported polycrystalline data.     

Predictors of social acceptance in preschool children.

Attempted to evaluate, through observation and a measure of sociometric acceptance, the relative contribution of a number of child characteristics to the prediction of social acceptance in 164 3–6 yr old preschool children. The following variables were investigated as predictors of sociometric acceptance: positive social interactions, occupied behavior when not interacting, MA, CA, and sex. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that MA was the best predictor of sociometric acceptance and that positive social interactions significantly increased the correlation. Occupied behavior, CA, and sex did not significantly increase the multiple correlation. Results support the efficacy of intervention procedures that focus on helping social isolates to develop the ability to interact positively with their peers. Within the limited preschool age range, mental maturity appears to be more important to social acceptance than CA per se. This may be a factor in the findings of low popularity for mainstreamed handicapped children. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cognitive theory and the generality of pessimism among depressed persons.

38 depressed (as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory) and 52 nondepressed college students were given a series of anagrams to solve. A 1-chance subgroup was informed that they would win a free movie ticket if they were successful in the task. A 2nd-chance subgroup received the same instructions as the 1-chance subgroup but were also informed that if they failed, they would have another opportunity in a different, undefined task. Ss were subdivided into success and failure subgroups that either succeeded at or failed the anagram task. Immediately afterwards, Ss reported their emotional state on the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List. Depressed Ss reported greater depression, anxiety, and hostility than nondepressed Ss in the 1-chance condition but not in the 2nd-chance condition; this interaction occurred independent of Ss' success or failure in the task. Results are viewed as indicating that current cognitive theories about the generality of pessimism in depression are incomplete. An explanation of the results in terms of the saliency of future reward opportunity is suggested as a basis for further study. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Teachers' interactions with middle- and lower SES preschool boys and girls.

Compared 9 preschool and 17 Head Start teachers' interactive behaviors with children of middle and lower socioeconomic status (SES). Observation data indicate that teachers of lower SES children had fewer verbal communications with them and more interactions with older adults. Data indicate that teachers of middle-SES children had higher rates of positive–neutral teacher initiation to children and higher rates of positive–neutral child initiation to teachers. Teachers of middle-SES children had a higher rate of negative initiation to boys than to girls. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Continuation-phase cognitive therapy's effects on remission and recovery from depression.

The authors tested the effects of continuation-phase cognitive therapy (C-CT) on remission and recovery from recurrent major depressive disorder, defined as 6 weeks and 8 months, respectively, of continuously absent or minimal symptoms. Responders to acute-phase cognitive therapy were randomized to 8 months of C-CT (n = 41) or assessment control (n = 43), and they were followed 16 additional months (R. B. Jarrett et al., 2001). Relative to controls, a few more patients in C-CT remitted (88% vs. 97%), and significantly more recovered (62% vs. 84%). All patients without remission and recovery relapsed, but most patients who remitted (60%) and who recovered (75%) did not later relapse or recur. The authors discuss the importance of defining efficacious treatment as producing remission and recovery. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multiblock poly(arylene ether nitrile) disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers for proton exchange membranes: Part 1 synthesis and characterization

A series of multiblock copolymers based upon alternating segments of a hydrophilic disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) and a hydrophobic fluorine-terminated poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) (6FPAEB) were synthesized and characterized for use as proton exchange membranes (PEM). The ion-exchange capacity of the block copolymers were varied by utilizing 4,4′-biphenol or hydroquinone in combination with 3,3′-disulfonated-4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (SDCDPS) to form the hydrophilic segments. The alternating block copolymer morphology was achieved by using mild temperatures to link the oligomers together and minimize ether–ether interchange reactions. Both the 4,4′-biphenol and hydroquinone based membranes showed high proton conductivity with moderate water uptake and good mechanical properties. The block copolymers displayed nanophase separated morphologies, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The strong membrane performance was attributed to the multi-phase morphology.