Do You Know What I Know? A Shared Understandings Perspective on Text‐Based Communication

This article illustrates how the hermeneutic analysis of text illuminates how shared understandings affect our interpretations of lean communication in distributed work environments. It is proposed that in contrast to the pessimistic conclusions of media richness theory that lean communication channels cannot support complex or equivocal work tasks, miscommunications are not the result of technology, but rather occur due to a lack of shared understandings among the individuals communicating. An illustrative case study based on fieldwork in franchise organizations is presented to demonstrate the possibilities for how the hermeneutic analysis of coherence, invention, intention, and reference can be used to discover how workers create and recreate shared understandings through text.     

D类放大器重新定义数字电视和便携式产品设计

D类放大器具有与生俱来的一些优势,包括改善的功率效率、低发热量,可实现更小、更轻的消费类产品。利用这些优势,基于D类技术的音频芯片正在对今天的消费类产品产生巨大的影响,尤其是在平板数字电视和便携式应用领域。     

Color Grouping in Space and Time: Evidence From Negative Color-Based Carryover Effects in Preview Search.

Five experiments addressed the role of color grouping in preview search (D. G. Watson & G. W. Humphreys, 1997). Experiment 1 used opposite color ratios of distractors in preview and second search displays, creating equal numbers of distractors in each color group in the final display. There was selective slowing for new targets carrying the majority color of the old items. This effect held when there was no bias in the preview and only the second search set had an uneven color ratio (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, participants had foreknowledge of the target color, and effects were shown over and above those due to color biases. Experiment 4 demonstrated negative color carryover even when previews changed color. Experiment 5 showed reduced color carryover effects when previews were presented more briefly. Collectively, the results provide evidence for inhibitory carryover effects in preview search based on feature grouping. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anion Sensing Porphyrin Functionalized Nanoparticles

Disulfide and dithiocarbamate functionalized porphyrins have been synthesized and used as protecting ligands for gold nanoparticle formation either via ligand substitution reactions or by direct synthesis. These nanoparticles have been shown to recognize anions via changes in the absorbance spectrum of the surface adsorbed porphyrin moieties. Association constants, derived from quantitative titrations, indicate a remarkable surface enhancement effect where the surface bound porphyrins bind anions much more strongly than the free receptor in solution.     

Effect of Ammonia on the Gas-Phase Hydration of the Common Atmospheric Ion HSO4?

Hydration directly affects the mobility, thermodynamic properties, lifetime and nucleation rates of atmospheric ions. In the present study, the role of ammonia on the formation of hydrogen bonded complexes of the common atmospheric hydrogensulfate (HSO₄⁻) ion with water has been investigated using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). Our findings rule out the stabilizing effect of ammonia on the formation of negatively charged cluster hydrates and show clearly that the conventional (classical) treatment of ionic clusters as presumably more stable compared to neutrals may not be applicable to pre-nucleation clusters. These considerations lead us to conclude that not only quantitative but also qualitative assessment of the relative thermodynamic stability of atmospheric clusters requires a quantum-chemical treatment.     

An Investigation of the Reduction and Reoxidation of Isolated Vanadate Sites Supported on MCM-48

The reduction and subsequent reoxidation of isolated vanadate species supported on silica was investigated using temperature-programmed reduction and oxidation, along with in-situ XANES and Raman spectroscopy. Approximately 70–80% of the vanadium was reduced to V³⁺ after reduction in H₂ at temperatures up to 923 K. Upon reduction, the vanadyl oxygen was removed and the three remaining V–O bonds are lengthened by 0.2 Å. The vanadate species are rapidly reoxidized when exposed to O₂, with the amount of oxygen uptake matching well with the amount removed during reduction. In-situ Raman spectroscopy during reoxidation in ¹⁸O₂ showed that significant scrambling occurs between gas phase oxygen and surface oxygen species during the reoxidation of the vanadate species.     

When laws and ethics collide: What should psychologists do?

At times the laws under which psychologists function may appear to contradict generally recognized ethical values and/or good clinical care. When these circumstances arise, psychologists must determine if a conflict really exists and, if so, seek solutions that reconcile respect for the law with their ethical values. At times, psychologists may decide to follow the law despite their ethical concerns. At other times, they may determine that a conscientious objection is warranted. The authors recommend options to consider when these situations arise and offer a decision-making process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and Characterisation of Some New Ferrocenyl- and Ferrocenylalkynyl-[60]Fullerene Compounds

We report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of ferrocenylfullerene compounds, and some new ferrocene derivatives required as intermediates. The new fullerene species are Fc-[60]fullerene, (8); Fc-C=C-[60]fullerene, (10); Fc-C=C-C=C-[60]fullerene, (12); and (η-C₅H₄SiBu₃)Fe(η-C₅H₄)-[60]fullerene, (14).     

Rainbow smelt population responses to species invasions and change in environmental condition

Invasive species can cause major disruptions in native food webs, yet the impact of species introductions and whether they will become invasive appears to be context-dependent. Rainbow smelt and alewife co-exist as invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and as native species on the Atlantic coast of North America, but in Lake Champlain rainbow smelt is the dominant native forage fish and alewife are invasive. Alewife became abundant by 2007, providing an opportunity to explore the dynamics of these two species in a system where only one is invasive. We used data from a 28-year forage fish survey to compare demographics of rainbow smelt populations in three basins of Lake Champlain with different volumes, nutrient levels, and predator abundances. Rainbow smelt catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) remained constant in the large, deep Main Lake before and after alewife invaded, but decreased in the two smaller basins. Declines were primarily a result of increased age-0 and age-1 mortality. Predation by top piscivores, system productivity, and competition for resources alone could not explain the patterns in CPUE across the basins. The mechanisms that allow alewife and rainbow smelt to co-exist could be related to system volume and oxythermal habitat availability, and may explain why the two species do not negatively affect each other in the Great Lakes. Summer hypoxia in the smaller basins could force individuals into smaller habitat volumes with higher densities of competitors and cannibalistic adult rainbow smelt. Habitat availability may mediate the impact of invasive alewife on native rainbow smelt.     

Register allocation for write activity minimization on non-volatile main memory for embedded systems

Non-volatile memories are good candidates for DRAM replacement as main memory in embedded systems and they have many desirable characteristics. Nevertheless, the disadvantages of non-volatile memory co-exist with its advantages. First, the lifetime of some of the non-volatile memories is limited by the number of erase operations. Second, read and write operations have asymmetric speed or power consumption in non-volatile memory. This paper focuses on the embedded systems using non-volatile memory as main memory. We propose register allocation technique with re-computation to reduce the number of store instructions. When non-volatile memory is applied as the main memory, reducing store instructions will reduce write activities on non-volatile memory. To re-compute the spills effectively during register allocation, a novel potential spill selection strategy is proposed. During this process, live range splitting is utilized to split certain long live ranges such that they are more likely to be assigned into registers. In addition, techniques for re-computation overhead reduction is proposed on systems with multiple functional units. With the proposed approach, the lifetime of non-volatile memory is extended accordingly. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique can efficiently reduce the number of store instructions on systems with non-volatile memory by 33% on average.