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991.
Ana G Gayubo Andrs T Aguayo Alaitz Atutxa Beatriz Valle Javier Bilbao 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(11):1244-1251
The results of the catalytic transformation on HZSM‐5 zeolite of mixtures of components of biomass pyrolysis oil in the 673–723 K temperature range are evidence of the need for previously separating certain components (aldehydes, oxyphenols and furfural) that undergo severe thermal degradation by forming carbonaceous deposits at the reactor inlet ducts and on the catalyst itself. The deactivation of the catalyst is a consequence of the deposition of two different types of coke: one of catalytic origin (similar to that generated in the transformation of methanol and bioethanol) and the other of thermal origin, which is produced by the aforementioned degradation. The remaining oxygenate components react to each other with synergistic effect, which means that their reactivity is higher than that of the pure components. The results show that the aqueous fraction of biomass pyrolysis oil may be transformed into hydrocarbons on acid catalysts similarly to the more familiar transformation of methanol and bioethanol. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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WANG Zong-bo Javier Carretero Moya Alvaro Blanco del Campo Javier Glsmero Menoyo GAO Mei-guo 《通讯和计算机》2009,6(4):55-59
The paper introduces an FPGA based signal processing system to perform Range-Doppler processing in real-time for Linear FMCW (frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) radar systems. Novel design architecture in FPGA is proposed and experimental results indicate that the design can verify the correct operation of the processing flow. The Ping-Pang architecture in FPGA saves the resources in chip and the system has been designed so as to allow future addition of complex target detection algorithms. 相似文献
995.
Eugenia Rubin Pilar Rodriguez Roberto Herrero Javier Cremades Ignacio Barbara Manuel E Sastre de Vicente 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(3):291-298
Methylene Blue adsorption on Sargassum muticum, an invasive macroalga in Europe, has been investigated using visible absorption spectroscopy. Different pre‐treatments, protonation and chemical cross‐linking with CaCl2 or H2CO, have been tested in order to improve the stability as well as the adsorption capacity of the algal biomass. The equilibrium binding has been described in terms of Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms depending on the algal pre‐treatment; from the maximum adsorption capacity values, an estimation of the algal specific surface area was made. Moreover, it has been found that adsorption kinetics can be described according to the first order Lagergren model, from which the rate constant and the adsorption capacity were determined. Finally, simple empirical equations were obtained to evaluate the amount of Methylene Blue removed at any initial concentration and reaction time. The results obtained have shown that this type of material has a high adsorption capacity for Methylene Blue dye, this feature together with the short times needed to reach the equilibrium suggest that Sargassum muticum can be used as a low‐cost biosorbent in wastewater treatments. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
996.
Maria Pinto José Luis Alonso Berrocal José Antonio Cordón García Viviana Fernández Marcial Carlos García Figuerola Javier García Marco Camarero Carmen Gómez Rodríguez Ángel F. Zazo 《Scientometrics》2005,65(1):67-93
Summary This work has analyzed and evaluated the dissemination of research done at Spanish universities through the World Wide Web (WWW) in order to obtain a map of the visibility of the information available on this research and to propose measures for improving the quality of this diffusion, all within the social and institutional context of the European Area for Higher Education. The methodology applied in the study has used both qualitative and quantitative research methods to obtain some quality indicators on the dissemination of university research. The object of study consists of a sample of 19 Spanish universities, chosen according to their representativeness by Autonomous Community and their administrative and scientific weight. The process of defining indicators, both qualitative and quantitative, as well as the collection and analysis of data, are explained. The results give us a detailed panorama of the state of the art of the visibility of information on research in the web pages of selected universities. This has allowed us to make certain proposals for improvement that can contribute to the excellence of its dissemination. 相似文献
997.
Noelia López Eduardo Puértolas Santiago Condón Javier Raso Ignacio Álvarez 《LWT》2009,42(10):1674-1680
A systematic study of the impact of pulsed electric fields (PEF) parameters (1–7 kV/cm, 5–40 pulses, specific energy of 0.006–0.19 kJ/kg per pulse, pulse frequency of 1–10 Hz, pulse width of 2–5 μs, square and exponential decay pulses) on the kinetics of the sucrose extraction from sugar beet at different temperatures (20–70 °C) has been carried out in this investigation. The efficiency of the solid-liquid extraction was independent of the frequency, as well as of the pulse width, and the pulse shape at 7 kV/cm, and it was influenced by the electric field strength applied and by the temperature of the extracting medium. Sucrose yield increased with both field strength, time of extraction, and temperature. The effect of the field strength was higher the lower the temperature. The application of 20 pulses at 7 kV/cm (3.9 kJ/kg) increased the maximum yield by 7 and 1.6 times, compared to non-PEF-treated samples, at 20 and 40 °C, respectively. A mathematical expression was generated, which enabled to evaluate the influence of the electric field strength (from 0 to 7 kV/cm) and temperature (from 20 to 70 °C) on the sucrose extraction efficiency and the extracting time in a solid-liquid PEF-assisted sucrose extraction process. Based on this equation, for 80%-sucrose extraction in 60 min, the temperature could be reduced from 70 °C to 40 °C, when 20 pulses of 7 kV/cm were applied. 相似文献
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Paola Parente Yanicet Ortega Begoña Savoini Miguel A. Monge Antonella Tucci Leonardo Esposito Begoña Ferrari A. Javier Sanchez-Herencia 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2012,32(16):3989-3993
Microstructural characterization of stress states of alumina layers subjected to residual compressive stresses was performed by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). Al2O3–t-ZrO2 three layered samples were appropriately designed and processed by sequential slip casting with symmetric structure. The zirconia contents inside the core layer were selected in order to generate compressive stresses of variable intensity in the outer Al2O3 layers. PAS results highlighted a correlation between positron annihilation parameters and microstructural changes related to the generation of residual stresses. 相似文献