Study of the beta -delayed neutron decay of 18N

The shortage of suitable liver donors for children has motivated the use of ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) grafts for transplantation in urgent situations. However, survival after ABO-I liver grafts has been reported at about 30% as compared with 80% in cases of ABO-identical or -compatible liver grafts. This difference has been attributed to antibody-mediated, hyperacute or chronic liver rejection, due to preformed ABO antibodies (alloantibodies). In this study, we report our results with ABO-I livers in children without alloantibodies at the time of transplantation. From January 1988 to June 1993, 143 OLT were performed in 122 children. Eight children received 8 ABO-I liver grafts. Of these, 7 patients were included in the study. All 7 were alloantibody free before OLT. Five children were spontaneously alloantibody free, while in 2 children, the plasma alloantibodies were eliminated before and after transplantation using intravenous infusion of specific blood group antigens of the donor blood group (soluble antigens). Immunosuppression consisted of a triple-drug treatment combining CsA, AZA, and steroids. The follow-up period was between 10 and 48 months. One child died from a surgical complication. Six children survived, but 1 died 10 months later from intestinal obstruction. There were no graft losses and no episodes of hyperacute or chronic rejection. The graft and patient survival rate was 71%. There was a 28% incidence of rejection, but all were mild (requiring steroid boluses only). Our results suggest that the absence of ABO alloantibodies at the time of and after transplantation can protect ABO-I liver grafts against antibody-mediated rejection, whether hyperacute or chronic, and that soluble antigens are effective in eliminating alloantibodies in children.     

Immunoscintigraphy of bone sarcomas--results in 5 patients

The feasibility of using the murine monoclonal antibody, TP-1, for clinical immunoscintigraphy was examined in a pilot study involving 5 patients with bone sarcomas. 131I-labelled F(ab')2 antibody fragments were injected in doses of 0.8-1.0 mg (90-130 MBq), and the accumulation of radioactivity was examined by scintigraphy, and assessed by direct measurements on biopsied tumour and normal tissue. One osteosarcoma patient had a primary tumour in the femur, whereas the other 4 had single lung metastases detected by other diagnostic methods. Immunoscintigraphy of the femoral primary was optimally visualised after 22 h. In 2 patients, the method failed to detect lung metastasis, in 1 of the cases possibly related to less than optimal methodological conditions. In 2 other patients, increased accumulation of radioactivity indicated one and three lung tumours, in addition to the single metastasis observed by X-ray and CT scanning, tumours that were later confirmed and removed surgically. The concentration of radioactivity in tumour and normal tissues 44-72 h after antibody injection could be measured in 4 patients. The tumour to blood ratios were in the range of 1.2-4.2, compared to 0.1-0.8 for various normal tissues. The results indicate that immunoscintigraphy with TP-1 antibody fragments have a potential for early detection of lung metastases in patients with bone sarcoma.     

Different immunological mechanisms contribute to cartilage destruction in antigen-induced arthritis

Antigen-induced arthritis in guinea pigs was used as a model to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for cartilage destruction in chronic joint inflammation. The activation of macrophages, their effects on cartilage metabolism, and the development of autoimmunity to cartilage constituents were studied during the progression of arthritis. The results show that in arthritic animals the macrophages are systemically activated, with a peak in the early phase of inflammation. Interleukin 1, produced by the activated cells, suppresses the proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage explants and cultured chondrocytes and increases the proliferation of the cells in vitro. During the progression of arthritis humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to collagen type II and cartilage proteoglycans occur correlating with the severity of arthritis. It is concluded that different immunological mechanisms may be involved in cartilage destruction during antigen-induced arthritis. Mediator-induced metabolic reactions dominate in the early phase, whereas autoimmunity to cartilage might play an essential role in later phases of arthritis.     

Reproducibility of functional transcranial Doppler sonography in determining hemispheric language lateralization

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Since functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (fTCD) allows convenient and fully automated quantification of language lateralization, it seems ideal for longitudinal studies of perfusion changes during deterioration as well as recovery of language functions. However, during serial examinations, the technical, stochastic, and physiological variabilities of cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) have to be considered. Therefore, before fTCD is accepted as a tool for evaluation of changes in lateralization in the diseased state, its reliability in healthy subjects needs to be determined. METHODS: We performed fTCD during a word generation task based on a previously validated technique with automated calculation of the averaged CBFV differences in the middle cerebral arteries providing an index of lateralization (LI). RESULTS: (1) The accuracy of the LI as assessed by the confidence interval was better than 1% of the mean hemispheric difference. (2) On repeated examination, LIs obtained from 10 subjects showed a high test-retest reproducibility (Pearson product moment correlation coefficient r = 0.95, P < 0.0001). (3) On 10 repeated assessments of LI in the same subject, no practice effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Functional TCD is a suitable and very robust tool for the longitudinal quantitative measurement of cerebral language lateralization.     

The alpha-fetoprotein level analysis in open neural tube defects and chromosomal aberrations in the fetus

The effects of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) and two Chinese traditional (Kampo) medicines, Dai-saiko-to and Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to on spontaneous soft tissue (heart and tongue) mineralization in DBA/2NCrj mice were studied. These agents were given orally for 4 weeks to DBA/2NCrj mice. After 2 weeks of administration in the heart, 0.006 and 0.03% (w/v) HEBP decreased calcium content by 90 and 30%, respectively, while 0.27 and 2.7 mg/ml Dai-saiko-to reduced calcium content by 30 and 45%, respectively. Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to (0.27 mg/ml) reduced both calcium and phosphorus content by 50 and 35%, respectively. However, their inhibitory effects on the heart were not observed after 4 weeks of administration. The compounds delayed the onset of increases of bulk calcium and phosphorus content. In the tongue, at 4 weeks, 0.006 and 0.03% (w/v) HEBP reduced calcium content by 30 and 45%, respectively, while two Kampo medicines (at both concentrations used) significantly reduced the content of calcium (by 27-79%) and phosphorus (by 24-32%). These results strongly suggest that two Kampo medicines as well as HEBP may be useful in preventing and curing soft tissue calcification.     

Cytotoxicity versus antibacterial activity of some antiseptics in vitro

The relationship between endometriosis and infertility is observed frequently. Patients with both conditions require a conservative approach to their management. Since hormonal therapy is one of those approaches, we sought to compare the efficacy of Danazol and Gestrinone in 80 infertile patients (48 and 32, respectively). Therapy lasted 6 months in both treatment groups, and all patients studied had laboratory tests performed and were clinically evaluated and classified through laparoscopy before and after therapy. The improvement of symptoms and favorable follow-up were similar with both treatments. The reestablishment of menstrual patterns and fertility were also nearly alike in both groups. However, Gestrinone was associated with fewer secondary effects and is easier to administer than Danazol. We conclude that Gestrinone is a useful medication in the management of the infertile patient with endometriosis.     

LaK747/509璃璃配方的研究

本工作中我们选择了B₂O₃-La₂O₃-Y₂O₂-ZrO₂系统作为玻璃基础组成。最后获得的LaK747/509玻璃组成中,不含有钍的成份。由于该玻璃具有一系列好的性质,如析晶范围窄、析晶速度慢以及粘度大等等,因此可以成功地在12-30L铂埚中进行熔制,并获得了尺寸为φ200×25mm的高质量玻璃。     

Anodising potential influence on well-ordered nanostructures formed by anodisation of aluminium in sulphuric acid

High-density structures with relatively well-ordered nanopore arrays have been obtained by the self-ordering growth of nanopores occurring during anodisation of aluminium in sulphuric acid. The resulting array of well-ordered nanopores strongly depends on an applied voltage of anodising, temperature and a procedure of synthesis. Regular arranged hexagonal arrays on aluminium with a relatively uniform pore diameter, interpore distance, and depth of pores exceeding 90 μm, can be formed by the self-ordering two-step anodising at 1 °C. The interpore distance and the pore diameter were evaluated on anodised aluminium layers obtained at different cell potentials ranging from 15 to 25 V. The detailed analyses of their uniformity were performed from SEM images. The analysis of a pore arrangement defects was made from SEM top view images taken on samples anodised at various cell potentials. The defect maps, known as Delaunay triangulations, of the arrangement of about 1000 pores were constructed for different applied anodising potentials. The percentage of pores that are not six-fold coordinated by the neighbouring pores indicates the percentage of defected surface.