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41.
Michèle Marcotte Cuiren R. Chen Stefan Grabowski Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy & Jean-Paul Gabriel Piette 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2008,43(4):673-684
Traditional cooking‐cooling of processed meat and poultry products is industrially carried out in smokehouses or autoclaves. A mathematical model was developed to simulate these operations. Equations, describing heat transfer and thermal destruction of micro‐organisms and quality characteristics, were solved numerically. The model was validated experimentally for heat transfer and energy consumption and was used to perform a sensitivity analysis. Input variables were: process time (PT), smokehouse temperature (TSH), bologna size (diameter, D and height, H), surface heat transfer coefficients (hheat and hcool), product thermal diffusivity (αheat and αcool). Output variables were: product core temperature (Tc), core and volume‐average lethality (Pcm and Pvm) and cook (Cc and Cv) values as well as surface (Qs) and volume‐average (Qv) quality retention, total specific energy consumption (En) and energy efficiency (Ce). Multiple linear regression models were developed to predict Cc and Cv from five inputs and used to obtain acceptable deviation ranges. 相似文献
42.
Jean-Paul Mazellier Olivier Faynot Sorin Cristoloveanu Simon Deleonibus Philippe Bergonzo 《Diamond and Related Materials》2008,17(7-10):1248-1251
We examine here by electro-thermal simulation tools (SILVACO's Atlas) a configuration of Silicon-On-Insulator substrate for Fully-Depleted MOSFET architectures, incorporating diamond as buried insulator, and compare it with traditional silicon dioxide BOX for the future technological nodes of the ITRS (90 nm and below). Our aim is to give major trends to be followed in order to optimize diamond integration from electrical and thermal points of view, constraints that must be kept in mind in parallel with the technological work on thin diamond films. In this theoretical study, we perform a benchmarking between SiO2 and diamond BOX. We first point out that the BOX thickness should not be more than few hundred nanometers to maintain electrical performances. From thermal point of view, we demonstrate that the replacement of 100 nm thick buried oxide by a 100 nm thick diamond layer can lead to about 50% reduction of the temperature when only 33% decrease can be obtained with Ultra Thin SiO2 BOX (20 nm). Furthermore, thick diamond BOX avoids the parasitic capacitances issue that reduces Ultra Thin BOX devices working frequency. 相似文献
43.
In Luxembourg the largest drinking water production plant treating reservoir water with conventional technology including ozonation is in operation since 1969. Its maximum capacity is 64,000 m3/d. After 40 years of operation the need for both modernizing and extension of capacity to 100,000 m3/d emerged. Nowadays, due to new developments in technology and research it is possible to assess the water treatment processes more effectively with regard to current and future requirements. Against this background, membrane processes combined with conventional and advanced processes were identified as potential option and long term pilot-scale tests were started in June 2008. Different treatment process schemes all including membranes are investigated in a one year pilot plant period. Various treatment steps such as different pre- and post-treatment steps, various membranes and membrane materials and also conventional treatment steps are compared and assessed. 相似文献
44.
A simple mathematical model is used to predict the evolution of the mean free path in the solid phase in a sintered material. The knowledge of the volume fraction of the solid phase and of the particle coordination number are only required. Good agreement is observed between experimental data and the purposed relationship. 相似文献
45.
Pascale Infossi Elisabeth Lojou Jean-Paul Chauvin Gaetan Herbette Myriam Brugna Marie-Thérèse Giudici-Orticoni 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2010
Hydrogenase I from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus is a good candidate for biotechnological devices thanks to its ability to oxidize hydrogen at high temperature, even in the presence of oxygen and CO. In order to enhance the enzyme stability and the catalytic efficiency, we investigated the hydrogen oxidation process with hydrogenase I embedded in a physiological-like environment. Hydrogenase I partners in the metabolic chain, namely membrane quinone and cytochrome b, were purified and fully characterized. The complex hydrogenase I–cytochrome b was inserted into liposomes. Surface Plasmon Resonance revealed that quinone took part in the stabilization of the complex. By use of molecular modelization and electrochemistry analysis, enzyme stability has been demonstrated to be stronger and enzymatic efficiency to be five times higher when hydrogenase is embedded into the liposomes. This result raises the possibility of using hydrogenases as biocatalysts in fuel cells. 相似文献
46.
Annabelle Joulin Zohir Younsi Laurent Zalewski Stéphane Lassue Daniel R. Rousse Jean-Paul Cavrot 《Applied Energy》2011
The application of phase change materials (PCMs) for solar thermal-energy storage capacities has received considerable attention in recent years due to their large storage capacity and isothermal nature of the storage process. This study deals with the comparison of numerical and experimental results for a PCM conditioned in a parallelepipedic polyefin envelope to be used in passive solar walls. The experimental results were obtained by use of a genuine set-up involving heat flux sensors and thermocouples mounted on two vertical aluminium exchanger plates squeezing the samples. Numerical predictions were obtained with a custom one-dimensional Fortran code and a two-dimensional use of Fluent. Both methods showed a very good agreement with experimental observations for the melting process (?5%). However during solidification, both numerical codes failed to predict the phase change process accurately, the maximal relative error was as high as 57% (with an average of 8%). 相似文献
47.
Sylvie Troncale Author Vitae Jean-Paul Comet Author VitaeAuthor Vitae 《Pattern recognition》2009,42(4):562-566
The formalism of hybrid functional petri nets (HFPN) has proved its convenience for simulating biological systems. The drawback of the noticeable expressiveness of HFPN is the difficulty to perform formal verifications of dynamical properties. In this article, we propose a model-checking procedure for timed hybrid petri nets (THPN), a sub-class of HFPN. This procedure is based on the translation of the THPN model and of the studied property into real-time automata. It is applied to model enzymatic competitions existing in amphibian metamorphosis. 相似文献
48.
The major whey proteins IgG, serum albumin and alpha-lactalbumin were purified from camel milk using gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatography. Specific antisera against each of them were raised and used to quantify their heat denaturation in early or mature milk over a range of 60-90 degrees C for 10-60 min using the single radial immunodiffusion technique. The heat denaturation midpoints for the mature milk heated 30 min were 67.2, 73.0 and 77.5 degrees C for IgG, albumin and alpha-lactalbumin respectively. The early milk was more sensitive to heat treatment with coagulation at low temperature and heat denaturation midpoints of 64.8, 71.6 and 72.6 degrees C respectively. This difference was related to the high IgG content of the early milk (12.6 mg/ml v. 0.5 mg/ml for the mature milk) and stresses the importance of monitoring the IgG level of milk to assess the absence of colostrum. 相似文献
49.
Jean-Paul Walch Bernard Dulieu 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》1979,22(12):1607-1612
Steady natural convection in a rectangular slightly inclined box filled with a porous medium is studied. If the lower plate is heated and the aspect ratio large, the structure of the flow is simple as long as the Rayleigh number remains sub-critical. If the upper plate is heated, a boundary layer regime appears provided that the Rayleigh number is high. The Nusselt number is calculated by the Galerkin method and shown to approximate in this particular case to the following expression: Nu= 1 + 0,16k3/2Ra*1/42 相似文献
50.
Andr Rassat Jean-Paul Thuillier 《Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures》1996,4(6):1087-1090
A fullerene-like ball is found in a second century mosaic from Porta Marina Roman Baths near Ostia. Although it could be an hexadecahedral ball (28 vertices, 4 hexagonal and 12 pentagonal faces), it is probably an erroneous representation of a dodecahedral ball. 相似文献