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排序方式: 共有970条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Electrical contact resistance between stainless steel bipolar plate and carbon felt in PEFC: A comprehensive study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johan André Laurent Antoni Jean-Pierre Petit Eric De Vito Alexandre Montani 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009
Bipolar plate represents a key component of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEFC) with several essential functions, among them the electric connection of elementary cells. Usually made of graphite, this component is studied worldwide in order to develop a commercially viable alternative: different ways have been being investigated, and to date, despite corrosion issues, stainless steel (SS) appears as a good candidate material, but its Electrical Contact Resistance (ECR) can reach unacceptable values when exposed to PEFC environment. This paper offers a comprehensive study of the parameters acting on ECR when using uncoated SS in PEFC: roughness, which influences the surface contact area with carbon baking, bulk composition of the alloy, which influences only partly the nature of passive films, and the composition and structure of passive films, strongly modified by surface treatments and ageing conditions. 相似文献
52.
Michael G. Debije Jean-Pierre Teunissen Paul P.C. Verbunt 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2009,93(8):1345-1350
The effect of adding white scattering layers to the bottom side of luminescent solar concentrator waveguides is evaluated. It is determined that adding a rear scatterer separated from the waveguide by an air gap results in a large increase of energy output from the waveguides, and this enhancement persists over long (>30 cm) distances, although the magnitude of the enhancement decreases with distance. An attached scatterer resulted in the greatest improvement of light output for short (∼6 cm) distances, but actually reduced edge emissions over longer distances. We provide estimates for the relative contribution of dye-emitted light and scattered light to the total waveguide emission, as well as distinguishing between the contributions of direct and indirect scattering of light to the total output as a function of dye content of the waveguides. 相似文献
53.
This paper deals with a well-known problem in the general area of search theory: optimize the search resources sharing so as to maximize the probability of detection of a (moving) target. However, the problem we consider here considerably differs from the classical one. First, there is a bilevel search planning and we have to consider jointly discrete and continuous optimization problems. To this perspective original methods are proposed within a common framework. Furthermore, this framework is sufficiently general and versatile so as to be easily and successfully extended to the difficult problem of the multizone multisensor search planning for a Markovian target. 相似文献
54.
Magalie Laniel Jean-Pierre Emond Ahmet E. Altunbas 《Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety》2009,3(1):34-40
The performance of radio waves in open environments has been studied for years. In contrast, the behavior of Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) inside metal enclosed areas is not yet understood. This research project focuses on the 3-D mapping
of RFID signal strength inside a 12 m refrigerated marine container instrumented with three different types of radio frequency
(RF) emitters: 915 MHz reader; 2.45 GHz reader and 433 MHz RF transmitter. The main goal is to find a frequency/configuration
that would allow real time reading of the temperature in a shipment of perishable products using RFID. Only one frequency
and one antenna were used at a time. The RF transmitter antenna was mounted at two different places inside the container;
at the top of the front wall (facing back) and on the ceiling in the middle of the container (facing down). The signal strength
was acquired by a spectrum analyzer and its antenna was mounted on a small electric cart inside the container. The cart was
programmed to move along the length of the container and stop repeatedly, allowing three automated measures per position.
All data were analyzed in terms of power level and attenuation. The maps showed that the RFID antenna positioned at the front
of the container delivered slightly better results than the one in the middle of the ceiling. The results showed a significantly
higher performance at the 433 MHz level.
This article was presented at Food Processing Automation Conference, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
(ASABE), Providence, RI, June 28–29 2008. 相似文献
55.
Morvan L Lai ND Dolfi D Huignard JP Brunel M Bretenaker F Le Floch A 《Applied optics》2002,41(27):5702-5712
A new principle of lidar-radar is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The proposed architecture is based on the use of an rf modulation of the emitted light beam and a direct detection of the backscattered intensity. Use of a radar-processing chain allows one to obtain range and Doppler measurements with the advantages of lidar spatial resolution. We calculate the maximum range of this device, taking into account different possible improvements. In particular, we show that use of a pulsed two-frequency laser and a spatially multimode optical preamplification of the backscattered light leads to calculated ranges larger than 20 km, including the possibility of both range and Doppler measurements. The building blocks of this lidar-radar are tested experimentally: The radar processing of an rf-modulated backscattered cw laser beam is demonstrated at 532 nm, illustrating the Doppler and identification capabilities of the system. In addition, signal-to-noise ratio improvement by optical pre-amplification is demonstrated at 1.06 microm. Finally, a two-frequency passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is developed. This laser then permits two-frequency pulses with tunable pulse duration (from 18 to 240 ns) and beat frequency (from 0 to 2.65 GHz) to be obtained. 相似文献
56.
It is shown that the performance of heterodyne Doppler lidar (HDL) can be improved by (i) at least one good realization for every single shot or (ii) several simultaneous good realizations for accumulation. Until now, several simultaneous independent realizations at high carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) have been considered. At low CNR, noise may have a detrimental effect on the accumulation techniques. We determine the chances of getting "heavy" speckles in HDL signals from many receiver-detector units on a single-shot basis and several good realizations on a single-shot basis, which is required for an effective accumulation. The use of multiple receiver-detector units at low CNR is worthwhile in contexts such as space lidar, where optimized treatment is at a premium. We conclude on the effectiveness of many receiver-detector units in parallel in order to achieve simultaneous independent realizations at low CNR to improve the performance of HDL on a statistical basis. 相似文献
57.
Grainger Jonathan; Granier Jean-Pierre; Farioli Fernand; Van Assche Eva; van Heuven Walter J. B. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,32(4):865
Six experiments apply the masked priming paradigm to investigate how letter position information is computed during printed word perception. Primes formed by a subset of the target's letters facilitated target recognition as long as the relative position of letters was respected across prime and target (e.g., "arict" vs. "acirt" as primes for the target "apricot"). Priming effects were not influenced by whether or not absolute, length-dependent position was respected (e.g., "a-ric-t" vs. "arict"/"ar-i-ct"). Position of overlap of relative-position primes (e.g., apric-apricot; ricot-apricot; arict-apricot) was found to have little influence on the size of priming effects, particularly in conditions (i.e., 33 ms prime durations) where there was no evidence for phonological priming. The results constrain possible schemes for letter position coding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
58.
Syed Suhaib Deepak Mathaikutty Sandeep Shukla David Berner Jean-Pierre Talpin 《Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science》2006,146(2):169
Latency insensitive protocols (LIPs) have been proposed as a viable means to connect synchronous IP blocks via long interconnects in a system-on-chip. The reason why one needs to implement LIPs on long interconnects stems from the fact that with increasing clock frequencies, the signal delay on some interconnects exceeds the clock period. Correctness of a system composed of synchronous blocks communicating via LIPs is established by showing latency equivalence between a completely synchronous composition of the blocks, and the LIP based composition. A design flow based on a synchronous composition specification, and stepwise refinement to LIP composition can be easily conceived, and a proof obligation to show latency equivalence between the synchronous specification and the refinement needs to be discharged. In this work, we propose a functional programming based framework for modeling and simulating LIP, and implement the semantics of various refinement steps in the programming model, so we can validate the LIP model against the original system within this functional programming framework. Such validation becomes easier due to the inherent denotational model of functional languages. We specifically use Standard ML to model the original system implementation as well as its latency insensitive version and compare the two by creating a model that contains both, giving them the same inputs and checking their outputs to be latency equivalent. 相似文献
59.
Jean-Pierre Croisille Rabia Khanfir Gérard Chanteur 《Journal of scientific computing》1995,10(1):81-92
We introduce a flux-splitting formula for the approximation of the ideal MHD equations in conservative form. The Faraday equation is considered as the average of an abstract kinetic equation, giving a flux-splitting formula. For the other part of the equations, we generalize formally the classical half-Maxwellian flux-splitting of the Euler equations. Numerical results on MHD shock tube problems are displayed. 相似文献
60.
Jean-Pierre Coudreuse 《电信纪事》1995,50(1):98-113
Fifteen years after its first tentative steps in the laboratory, ATM seems to have reached the thankless age of confrontation with the reality of operational networks while others would say the age of potential to fulfil and promises to keep. The following article does not pretend to be an in-depth technical analysis of a particular aspect or development of ATM but rather the thoughts of a witness to a number of past, present and future issues. The objective is much more to stimulate thought on ATM than to provide definitive answers to often difficult questions. 相似文献