Characterization of arsenic species in kidney of the clam Tridacna derasa by multidimensional liquid chromatography-ICPMS and electrospray time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

The identification of water-soluble arsenic species in a kidney of the Tridacna clam by electrospray quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ES Q-TOF MS) was investigated. The species were isolated by three-dimensional LC (size exclusion-anion exchange-cation exchange); the elution of arsenic was monitored by ICPMS. The average accuracy and precision of the molecular mass measurements, studied for a number of organoarsenic standards, were 22 (negative bias) and 15 ppm, respectively. Structural information was obtained in the tandem Q-TOF mode. A total of 15 organoarsenic species were identified, and 13 of these possessed the dimethylarsinoyl group (8 ribofuranosides, 4 acyclic compounds, and 1 dihydroxyfuran). Four of these species were previously unreported. Arsenobetaine and dimethylarsinic acid were also detected. The major species (accounting for up to 50% water-soluble arsenic) was 5-dimethylarsinoyl-2,3,4-trihydroxypentanoic acid. The metabolic interrelationships of these compounds and their significance are briefly discussed.     

Social Tuning of the Self: Consequences for the Self-Evaluations of Stereotype Targets.

These experiments examined how social interactions with individuals who ostensibly have stereotype-relevant views affect the self-evaluations of stereotype targets. Participants believed they were going to interact, or actually interacted, with a person who ostensibly had stereotype-consistent or stereotype-inconsistent views about their social group. Consistent with shared reality theory, participants' self-evaluations (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) and behavior (Experiment 2) corresponded with the ostensible views of the other person when affiliative motivation was high. This occurred even when it was likely to be detrimental to participants' nonaffiliative outcomes (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 showed that self-evaluative shift away from the ostensible views of another person was a function of social distance motives, also consistent with shared reality theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Don't look down: Emotional arousal elevates height perception.

In a series of experiments, it was found that emotional arousal can influence height perception. In Experiment 1, participants viewed either arousing or nonarousing images before estimating the height of a 2-story balcony and the size of a target on the ground below the balcony. People who viewed arousing images overestimated height and target size more than did those who viewed nonarousing images. However, in Experiment 2, estimates of horizontal distances were not influenced by emotional arousal. In Experiment 3, both valence and arousal cues were manipulated, and it was found that arousal, but not valence, moderated height perception. In Experiment 4, participants either up-regulated or down-regulated their emotional experience while viewing emotionally arousing images, and a control group simply viewed the arousing images. Those participants who up-regulated their emotional experience overestimated height more than did the control or down-regulated participants. In sum, emotional arousal influences estimates of height, and this influence can be moderated by emotion regulation strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults.

Questionnaire data about criminal victimization experiences were collected from 2,259 Sacramento-area lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (N?=?1,170 women and 1,089 men). Approximately 1/5 of the women and 1/4 of the men had experienced victimization because of their adult sexual orientation. Hate crimes were less likely than nonbias crimes to have been reported to police. Compared with other recent crime victims, lesbian and gay hate-crime survivors manifested significantly more symptoms of depression, anger, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. They also displayed significantly more crime-related fears and beliefs, lower sense of mastery, and more attributions of their personal setbacks to sexual prejudice than did nonbias crime victims and nonvictims. Comparable differences were not observed among bisexuals. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing hate-crime survivors' special needs in clinical settings and in public policy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MES填补信息鸿沟

用户对于那些方便数据分享、可以日复一日改进工厂运营的工具表示认同。调查显示,虽然实施和集成并不总是那么简单,但是努力的价值还是显而易见的。     

Phenolic-rich extract from the Costa Rican guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum) pulp with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Potential for COPD therapy

The potential therapeutic effects of Costa Rican guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum) extracts for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were examined. The ethyl acetate fraction displayed the highest antioxidant activity, as compared to the hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol fractions, as well as the crude extract. This fraction was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity response relationship against interleukin-8 (IL-8) and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression before and after treatment with cigarette smoke. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited inhibitory activity against IL-8 production and MMP-1 expression, showing the most potent inhibitory activities in both assays at 100 μg/mL, and nine compounds (1–9) were found. Phenolic compounds 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose (2), ellagic acid (3), myricetin (4), quercitrin (7), and quercetin (9) were identified using standard compounds or literature reports from related species. Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 8 were tentatively identified as 1,5-dimethyl citrate (1), sinapic aldehyde 4-O-β-d-glucopyranose (5), 3,3′,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-d-glucopyranoside (6), and 1,3-O-diferuloylglycerol (8), All nine compounds are reported for the first time in Costa Rican guava.