人机界面前景光明

过程窗口化促进了平板显示技术和精密图形动画技术的发展。无线和网络能力在不远的将来也会出现在这些终端设备中。     

纳米级传感

采用了纳米技术的传感器正在迅速发展，然而即使对于普通的应用，产品生产和商业化之间仍然存在一定的障碍。     

Toward autonomous desire: Women's worry as post-oedipal transitional object.

A woman's capacity for autonomous desire requires transformation of the maternal identification with which she dissolved the oedipal conflict as a girl. The challenge of womanhood is release from the inhibiting childhood identification without loss of the inner maternal presence which is both a treasured emotional bond and a vital source of self. This article describes how a woman may use worry, a disguised relic of maternal care, in her move toward autonomous desire. A new concept is introduced to elucidate the complexities of the process by which the childhood identification is transformed in adulthood: the post-oedipal transitional object. Like D. W. Winnicott's (pre-oedipal) transitional object, the post-oedipal transitional object fortifies an object relationship over separation and thereby facilitates development; moreover, the post-oedipal transitional object is the creation of an adult mind that reflects mature psychological capacities and embodies neurotic conflict. This article elaborates the contributions of worry, the prototypic post-oedipal transitional object of women, to attainment of the capacity for autonomous desire in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

工厂重现绿色

人们对于能源效率和环境问题越来越关心,所以自动化供应商和他们的客户们正努力使制造业成为最环保的一个行业。相信没有多少人会反对:美国和整个世界都在重现绿色。无论是通过提高能源效率、环境测评、安全及健康方面的努力,或者把所有的手段都集成起来,消费者和制造商确实都在努力给自己打上"绿色"的标签。     

Undergraduate Astronautics Initiatives at San Jose State University

A balance betwen topics in aeronautics and astronautics was sought as an Aerospace Engineering Department was established at San Jose State University in 1987. This goal has resulted in a uniquely-composed curriculum and laboratory development initiatives. Discussed in this article are the essential elements of the astronautics curriculum: the senior-level Spacecraft Design course, an unusual aerospace sensor laboratory, as well as astronautics hardware experiment stations under development. Also discussed is the departments working relationship with local industry in terms of student employment; guest lecturers and consultants; and grants and equipment donations.     

Structural Requirements in Chiral Diphosphine-Rhodium Complexes. V. Asymmetric Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Z-α-acetamidocinnamate Esters of Chiral Alcohols with DIOP-Rhodium(I) Complexes and Symmetrical Diphosphine-Rhodium(I) Complexes

Z-(−)-(1R, 3R, 4S)-menthyl-α-acetamidocinnamate was hydrogenated with neutral diphosphine-rhodium(I) complexes containing (+)-(2S, 3S) or (−)-(2R, 3R)-2,3-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane(DIOP) to give a diastereomeric mixture of N-acetylphenylalanine (1R, 3R, 4S)-menthyl ester (76.8% diastereomeric excess [d.e.] (S, 3R) and 52.5% d.e. (R, 3R), respectively). The behavior of the unsaturated (−)-menthyl ester substrate was also investigated with neutral diphosphine-rhodium(I) complexes containing symmetrical α, ω-bis(diphenylphosphino)alkanes {Ph₂P(CH₂)_nPPh₂} 6.6% d.e. (S, 3R) [n = 3]; 12.0% d.e. (R, 3R) [n = 4]; 7.2% d.e. (R, 3R) [n = 5]; and 7.4% d.e. (R, 3R) [n = 6]. Z-(−)-(1S, 2R, 4S)-bornyl-α-acetamidocinnamate was similarly studied: 49.8% (S, 2R)[(+)-(2S, 3S)-DIOP]; 64.1% d.e. (R, 2R) [(−)-(2R, 3R)-DIOP]; 4.9% d.e. (S, 2R) [n = 3]; 9.1% d.e. (R, 2R) [n = 4]; 13.6% d.e. (R, 2R) [n = 5]; and 12.0% d.e. (R, 2R) [n = 6].     

Phenolic-rich extract from the Costa Rican guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum) pulp with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Potential for COPD therapy

The potential therapeutic effects of Costa Rican guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum) extracts for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were examined. The ethyl acetate fraction displayed the highest antioxidant activity, as compared to the hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol fractions, as well as the crude extract. This fraction was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity response relationship against interleukin-8 (IL-8) and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression before and after treatment with cigarette smoke. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited inhibitory activity against IL-8 production and MMP-1 expression, showing the most potent inhibitory activities in both assays at 100 μg/mL, and nine compounds (1–9) were found. Phenolic compounds 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose (2), ellagic acid (3), myricetin (4), quercitrin (7), and quercetin (9) were identified using standard compounds or literature reports from related species. Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 8 were tentatively identified as 1,5-dimethyl citrate (1), sinapic aldehyde 4-O-β-d-glucopyranose (5), 3,3′,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-d-glucopyranoside (6), and 1,3-O-diferuloylglycerol (8), All nine compounds are reported for the first time in Costa Rican guava.     

Role of lipostatic mechanism in regulation by feeding of energy balance in rats.

Conducted 6 experiments to investigate the existence of a fat-feeding diurnal cycle in normal and hyperphagic male and female Wistar rats. Such a cycle was found in normal but not in hyperphagic Ss. By using 14C-labeled food eaten either at night or day, it was directly shown that metabolites eaten and stored at night were mobilized during the subsequent day and predominantly used during the hours preceding the onset of each meal. From other results on relationships between fat synthesis and overeating at night, and lipolysis and undereating in the day, diurnal is concluded that a lipostatic mechanism modulates-both within the diurnal cycle and from day to day-the glucosensitive short-term control system of food intake. Disruption of this lipostatic mechanism in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lesioned Ss suggests that VMH nuclei are key sites for the neuroendocrine basis of the lipostatic control of food intake. (49 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Analysis of poly(oxyethylene) and poly(oxypropylene) triblock copolymers by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Triblock copolymers of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) are widely used in the chemical industry as nonionic surfactants. Triblock copolymers can be arranged in a EO-PO-EO or PO-EO-PO sequence. This arrangement results in an amphiphilic copolymer, in which the block sequence and block length determine the properties of the copolymer. MALDI-TOF MS was used to analyze various triblock copolyethers: EO-PO-EO (Mn =2000 g.mol(-1)), PO-EO-PO (Mn = 2000 g.mol(-1)), and a random copolymer EO/PO (Mn = 2500 g.mol(-1)). Data treatment was assisted by using a homemade software allowing a picture of monomer composition of oligomers from the mass spectra. MALDI-TOF mass spectra of EO/PO copolymers were shown to depend strongly on the number of laser shots, relative proportions of polymer/salt, and the nature of the matrix. An unsaturated byproduct was detected. Its presence was demonstrated by prefractionation of copolymers by SEC before MALDI-TOF analysis, and its content was estimated by 1H NMR. The formation of layers inside the MALDI deposit was evidenced by varying the number of laser shots. Lighter oligomers of the copolymer, unsaturated byproduct, or both would be in the core of the deposit, coated with heavier oligomer. The layer formation depends on the nature of the matrix and the quantity of added salt. DHB matrix with a relative high sodium salt content induces layer formation inside the deposit, whereas dithranol matrix or low salt content does not. Consequently, an optimization of experimental parameters in order to estimate the lighter oligomers or unsaturated byproduct content or to obtain the actual representation of the monomer contribution in the copolymers from the MS data only seems obviously critical. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is obviously a powerful technique to analyze copolymers, but a careful survey of the experimental parameters is required. The combination of MALDI-TOF MS with separations techniques and NMR brings precious complementary information.