The effects of using ALD-grown ZnO buffer layers on the properties of indium tin oxide grown by chemical solution deposition

In comparison to ITO films prepared by chemical solution deposition on bare substrates, the use of a ZnO buffer layer and Al2O3 barrier layer has been shown to have a significant effect on morphology, measured sheet resistance and therefore resistivity. In the case of quartz substrates, ITO resistivity decreased from 9.6 x 10(-3) ohms cm to 4.3 x 10(-3) ohms cm on incorporation of a ZnO buffer layer and Al2O3 barrier layer, both grown by ALD. A change in surface morphology was observed, due to the presence of the buffer layer, however, the ZnO buffer layer was not found to influence the XRD pattern of the ITO films.     

SoC-PLL设计要求的权衡

根据应用的要求,决定是采用LC形PLL还是环型PLL。PLL(锁相环)是SoC(系统单芯片)中常见的模拟电路。几乎所有时钟速率高于30 MHz的SoC都会用一只PLL作频率合成。不过,世上并不存在一种"万能"的PLL。各种器件都有其频率、功率、面积、性能和功能范围。采用100nm或更小工艺     

Impact of fuel quality regulation and speed reductions on shipping emissions: implications for climate and air quality

Atmospheric emissions of gas and particulate matter from a large ocean-going container vessel were sampled as it slowed and switched from high-sulfur to low-sulfur fuel as it transited into regulated coastal waters of California. Reduction in emission factors (EFs) of sulfur dioxide (SO?), particulate matter, particulate sulfate and cloud condensation nuclei were substantial (≥ 90%). EFs for particulate organic matter decreased by 70%. Black carbon (BC) EFs were reduced by 41%. When the measured emission reductions, brought about by compliance with the California fuel quality regulation and participation in the vessel speed reduction (VSR) program, are placed in a broader context, warming from reductions in the indirect effect of SO? would dominate any radiative changes due to the emissions changes. Within regulated waters absolute emission reductions exceed 88% for almost all measured gas and particle phase species. The analysis presented provides direct estimations of the emissions reductions that can be realized by California fuel quality regulation and VSR program, in addition to providing new information relevant to potential health and climate impact of reduced fuel sulfur content, fuel quality and vessel speed reductions.     

Incident response and compliance: A case study of the recent attacks

Recent security related events, including attacks have highlighted the need for a complete Information Security strategy, beyond simply focusing on compliance. Compliance is the minimum set of requirements that an organization should use for measuring security. Because compliance standards such as PCI-DSS (Payment Card Industry-Data Security Standard) focus solely upon credit card data, maintaining only to this minimum standard may cause an organization to lose focus on the big picture. What other sensitive and critical data and systems are you responsible for? This article focuses on the following: PCI standard and reasons to not use a “check-box QSA” to obtain more value during the compliance review; the costs of non-compliance and a data breach; and outlines the lessons learned from the recent attacks starting in December 2010.     

Planning: A Fashionable Industry?

One is tempted to view ‘planning and design’ as a rational, technical exercise pursued by ‘experts’. These experts, through the judicious use of facts and analytical techniques, produce plans and proposals which are represented as the best possible answer to the situation at hand. However, looking back over the last ten years or so of planning experience in Australia, a better perspective may be to view planning as a fashion industry-an industry dominated by new fashionable ideas or fads that last only so long as they serve the interests of their protagonists. Fashionable ideas can make professional or political careers, facilitate the implementation of a particular project and legitimize inappropriate responses to local needs.     

1200V增强型碳化硅纵向结型场效应晶体管功率模块

最近的模块研发工作已经生产出封装在SP1模组中的快速开关、1200V、13mΩ、增强型SiC JFET半桥模块。这些模块由36mm~2SiC VJFET和23mm~2肖特基管的并联组合而成。在ID=100A条件下,获得2.7mΩ-cm~2的比导通电阻。开关测试采用了标准的双脉冲感性负载电路,在600 V、100A、温度分别为25℃和150℃的条件下,得到了历史最低的总开关损耗——100A、150℃下为1.25mJ。本报告详细介绍测试对开关性能、所采用的栅极驱动电路,以及获得这些结果推荐使用的缓冲器。     

Unmanned Vehicle Controller Design,Evaluation and Implementation: From MATLAB to Printed Circuit Board

A detailed step-by-step approach is presented to optimize, standardize, and automate the process of unmanned vehicle controller design, evaluation, validation and verification, followed by actual hardware controller implementation on the vehicle. The proposed approach follows the standard practice to utilize MATLAB/SIMULINK and related toolboxes as the design framework. Controller design in MATLAB/SIMULINK is followed by automatic conversion from MATLAB to code generation and optimization for particular types of processors using Real-Time Workshop, and C to Assembly language conversion to produce assembly code for a target microcontroller. Considering Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, fixed or rotary wing ones, X-Plane is used to verify, validate and optimize controllers before actual testing on an unmanned vehicle and actual implementation on a chip and printed circuit board. Sample designs demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.     

Unraveling the differential effects of motivational and skills, social, and self-management measures from traditional predictors of college outcomes.

The authors report on a large-scale study examining the effects of self-reported psychosocial factors on 1st-year college outcomes. Using a sample of 14,464 students from 48 institutions, the authors constructed hierarchical regression models to measure the predictive validity of the Student Readiness Inventory, a measure of psychosocial factors. Controlling for institutional effects and traditional predictors, the authors tested the effects of motivational and skill, social, and self-management measures on academic performance and retention. Academic Discipline was incrementally predictive of academic performance (grade-point average) and retention. Social Activity and Emotional Control also helped predict academic performance and retention, whereas Commitment to College and Social Connection offered incremental prediction of retention. This study elaborates recent meta-analytic findings (S. Robbins et al., 2004), demonstrating the salience of a subset of motivational, social, and self-management factors. Future research questions include how measures of psychosocial factors can be used to aid students, the salience of these measures over the entire college experience and for predicting job performance, and the need for testing theoretical models for explaining postsecondary educational outcomes incorporating traditional, motivational, self-management, and social engagement factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of process temperature on the weathering performance of rigid poly(vinyl chloride)

Elevated process temperatures can accompany current high extrusion rates of rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Various colored weatherable siding compounds were studied in the processing temperature range of 193°C to 227°C. The extruded compounds showed only minor color shifts due to increased melt temperatures. Outdoor exposure through four years in Arizona, Florida, and Ohio demonstrated typical color change but did not exhibit significant color shift relating to the initial processing temperatures. The samples extruded at elevated melt temperatures did demonstrate reduced impact strengths prior to outdoor exposure. Florida‐exposed and Ohio‐exposed samples lost impact strength throughout five years of exposure, with the samples processed at higher temperatures continuing to show lower impacts over time.     

如何选择高亮度LED

不知不觉中，LED市场已非常火爆。受能源成本日益增加和对气候变化关注度不断增高的影响，各国政府和工业界正在大力推进更高效的照明措施。由于高效实用使用寿命长，LED提供了卓越的解决方案。与此同时，LED技术正在经历迅速变革和创新的阶段，更加明亮和更高效的部件不断推出，使得大多数工程师难以跟上最新产品的步伐。