全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4167篇 |
免费 | 241篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 29篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
化学工业 | 788篇 |
金属工艺 | 44篇 |
机械仪表 | 35篇 |
建筑科学 | 192篇 |
矿业工程 | 4篇 |
能源动力 | 65篇 |
轻工业 | 506篇 |
水利工程 | 52篇 |
石油天然气 | 8篇 |
无线电 | 211篇 |
一般工业技术 | 675篇 |
冶金工业 | 1381篇 |
原子能技术 | 12篇 |
自动化技术 | 407篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 66篇 |
2021年 | 101篇 |
2020年 | 65篇 |
2019年 | 68篇 |
2018年 | 94篇 |
2017年 | 96篇 |
2016年 | 94篇 |
2015年 | 97篇 |
2014年 | 125篇 |
2013年 | 229篇 |
2012年 | 202篇 |
2011年 | 350篇 |
2010年 | 255篇 |
2009年 | 223篇 |
2008年 | 284篇 |
2007年 | 260篇 |
2006年 | 222篇 |
2005年 | 183篇 |
2004年 | 155篇 |
2003年 | 133篇 |
2002年 | 132篇 |
2001年 | 86篇 |
2000年 | 81篇 |
1999年 | 75篇 |
1998年 | 105篇 |
1997年 | 98篇 |
1996年 | 69篇 |
1995年 | 61篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 43篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有4410条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Level‐set topology optimization with many linear buckling constraints using an efficient and robust eigensolver
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Peter D. Dunning Evgueni Ovtchinnikov Jennifer Scott H. Alicia Kim 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2016,107(12):1029-1053
Linear buckling constraints are important in structural topology optimization for obtaining designs that can support the required loads without failure. During the optimization process, the critical buckling eigenmode can change; this poses a challenge to gradient‐based optimization and can require the computation of a large number of linear buckling eigenmodes. This is potentially both computationally difficult to achieve and prohibitively expensive. In this paper, we motivate the need for a large number of linear buckling modes and show how several features of the block Jacobi conjugate gradient (BJCG) eigenvalue method, including optimal shift estimates, the reuse of eigenvectors, adaptive eigenvector tolerances and multiple shifts, can be used to efficiently and robustly compute a large number of buckling eigenmodes. This paper also introduces linear buckling constraints for level‐set topology optimization. In our approach, the velocity function is defined as a weighted sum of the shape sensitivities for the objective and constraint functions. The weights are found by solving an optimization sub‐problem to reduce the mass while maintaining feasibility of the buckling constraints. The effectiveness of this approach in combination with the BJCG method is demonstrated using a 3D optimization problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
Jennifer D Key Padmapani Seneviratne 《Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing》2016,27(5):399-412
We show how to find s-PD-sets of the minimal size \(s+1\) for the \(\left[ \frac{q^n-q^u}{q-1},n,q^{n-1}-q^{u-1}\right] _q \) MacDonald q-ary codes \(C_{n,u}(q)\) where \(n \ge 3\) and \(1 \le u \le n-1\). The construction of [6] can be used and gives s-PD-sets for s up to the bound \(\lfloor \frac{q^{n-u}-1}{(n-u)(q-1)} \rfloor -1\), of effective use for u small; for \(u \ge \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor \) an alternative construction is given that applies up to a bound that depends on the maximum size of a set of vectors in \(V_u(\mathbb {F}_q)\) with each pair of vectors distance at least 3 apart. 相似文献
83.
HH Holm 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,24(6):779-791
"Interventional ultrasound," defined as any diagnostic and therapeutic procedure performed under ultrasound guidance was first introduced in Europe, where its early development took place in Vienna, in Copenhagen, in Italy and in Switzerland. However, many of the applications of interventional ultrasound have been based on important pioneer work using other less-suitable needle guiding methods from the pre-ultrasound era. The European contributions to "interventional ultrasound" have especially been in the development of new puncture equipment, in the dissemination of various biopsy techniques, and draining procedures and, more recently, in the development of many different tissue-ablation techniques. The above contributions, which are outlined in this historical review, have, together with significant contributions from the rest of the world-not least from the United States and Japan-created a most efficient diagnostic as well as therapeutic tool for the benefit of our patients. 相似文献
84.
Holmér AK 《Applied optics》1996,35(15):2614-2618
A kinoform is used to split the beam of a Nd:YAG laser into six beams. The laser beams are, by means of optical fibers and collimating-focusing optics, transferred to the surface to be machined. Thus multiple grooves can be machined simultaneously. For demonstration, 100-μm-wide grooves are simultaneously machined into a SnO(2) thin film deposited on a glass substrate. The resulting grooves are well isolated. This result shows that the technique could be used, for example, in solar cell manufacturing to increase the efficiency of laser scribing. 相似文献
85.
Quinn Paul C.; Cummins Maggie; Kase Jennifer; Martin Erin; Weissman Sheri 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,32(5):942
A series of experiments examined the abilities of infants to form categorical representations for the spatial relations above and below. Exp 1 provided evidence that 3–4 mo olds can form categorical representations for above and below when a diamond shape was presented above or below a horizontal bar. Exps 2 and 3 showed that 3- and 4-mo olds did not form categorical representations for above and below when a number of discriminably different shapes (e.g., a diamond, a triangle, a dot) appeared above or below the bar. These more abstract categorical representations for above and below were formed by 6- to 7-mo olds (Exp 4). The findings suggest an experientially or maturationally based trend, from concrete to abstract, in the categorical representation of common spatial relations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
86.
Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE) has been studied in great depth in theoretical linguistics, but empirical studies of VPE are rare.
We extend the few previous corpus studies with an annotated corpus of VPE in all 25 sections of the Wall Street Journal corpus
(WSJ) distributed with the Penn Treebank. We annotated the raw files using a stand-off annotation scheme that codes the auxiliary
verb triggering the elided verb phrase, the start and end of the antecedent, the syntactic type of antecedent (VP, TV, NP,
PP or AP), and the type of syntactic pattern between the source and target clauses of the VPE and its antecedent. We found
487 instances of VPE (including predicative ellipsis, antecedent-contained deletion, comparative constructions, and pseudo-gapping)
plus 67 cases of related phenomena such as do so anaphora. Inter-annotator agreement was high, with a 0.97 average F-score for three annotators for one section of the WSJ.
Our annotation is theory neutral, and has better coverage than earlier efforts that relied on automatic methods, e.g. simply
searching the parsed version of the Penn Treebank for empty VP’s achieves a high precision (0.95) but low recall (0.58) when
compared with our manual annotation. The distribution of VPE source–target patterns deviates highly from the standard examples
found in the theoretical linguistics literature on VPE, once more underlining the value of corpus studies. The resulting corpus
will be useful for studying VPE phenomena as well as for evaluating natural language processing systems equipped with ellipsis
resolution algorithms, and we propose evaluation measures for VPE detection and VPE antecedent selection. The stand-off annotation
is freely available for research purposes. 相似文献
87.
Carpenters and other construction workers who install drywall have high rates of strains and sprains to the low back and shoulder. Drywall is heavy and awkward to handle resulting in increased risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate several low-cost coupling tools that have the potential to reduce awkward postures in drywall installers. Five coupling tools were evaluated using the Lumbar Motion Monitor that measures trunk kinematics and predicts probability of low back disorder group membership risk (LBD risk). Workers answered surveys about their comfort while using each tool. The results indicate that use of the 2-person manual lift and the J-handle provide the best reduction in awkward postures, motions, low back sagittal moment, and LBD risk. The two-person manual lift appears to be the safest method of lifting and moving drywall, though using the two-person J-handle also significantly reduces injury risk. Given that carpenters are skeptical about using equipment that can get in the way or get lost, a practical recommendation is promotion of two-person manual lifting. For single-person lifts, the Old Man tool is a viable option to decrease risk of MSDs. 相似文献
88.
Jonathan Pietarila Graham Darryl D. Holm Pablo Mininni Annick Pouquet 《Journal of scientific computing》2011,49(1):21-34
The subfilter-scale (SFS) physics of regularization models are investigated to understand the regularizations’ performance
as SFS models. Suppression of spectrally local SFS interactions and conservation of small-scale circulation in the Lagrangian-averaged
Navier-Stokes α-model (LANS-α) is found to lead to the formation of rigid bodies. These contaminate the superfilter-scale energy spectrum with a scaling
that approaches k
+1 as the SFS spectra is resolved. The Clark-α and Leray-α models, truncations of LANS-α, do not conserve small-scale circulation and do not develop rigid bodies. LANS-α, however, is closest to Navier-Stokes in intermittency properties. All three models are found to be stable at high Reynolds
number. Differences between L
2 and H
1 norm models are clarified. For magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), the presence of the Lorentz force as a source (or sink) for circulation
and as a facilitator of both spectrally nonlocal large to small scale interactions as well as local SFS interactions prevents
the formation of rigid bodies in Lagrangian-averaged MHD (LAMHD-α). LAMHD-α performs well as a predictor of superfilter-scale energy spectra and of intermittent current sheets at high Reynolds numbers.
It may prove generally applicable as a MHD-LES. 相似文献
89.
Box–Jenkins (1970) models are often used to capture the autoregressive moving average of past observations of tourist arrivals from Japan to Taiwan and New Zealand. However, other explanatory variables, such as real income in the origin country, have also affected the demand for international travel. The purpose of this paper is to use the ARMAX model to investigate the dynamic relationship between tourism demand and real income of Japan, and to compare the findings with the single-equation model. Unit root tests and diagnostics are performed before estimating the income elasticity of travel demand by Japan for New Zealand and Taiwan based on seasonally unadjusted quarterly data for 1980(1) to 2004(2). The empirical results of the ARMAX model support the economic theory that the demand for international travel is positively related to income of the origin country. 相似文献
90.
Proteomics has long been thought to hold the promise of producing results of clinical utility which will influence patient treatment and outcomes. A recent Wellcome Trust/EBI meeting and retreat--“Perspectives in Clinical Proteomics”--brought together experts from a broad range of stakeholder groups with an interest in ensuring proteomics achieves this aim. This viewpoint presents views derived from these forums, proposing a pathway for the development of next-generation proteomic analyses in the clinical setting from selection of candidates through to their validation and ultimate demonstration of utility through health technology assessments. Although not meant to be all encompassing, important elements for proteomics researchers to consider are presented. 相似文献