An automated time–frequency approach for ultrasonic monitoring of fastener hole cracks

Angle beam ultrasonic inspection methods are well established for detection and sizing of fatigue cracks originating from fastener holes, and have recently been applied to in situ monitoring of such cracks using permanently attached transducers. Prior work utilizing a dual angle beam method has demonstrated the efficacy of an energy ratio algorithm for detection and sizing of cracks in open holes. This energy ratio is a measure of how much a crack opens under load, and is the ratio of transmitted energy for the specimen under tensile loading to the energy under no load, normalized by the ratio computed for the undamaged hole. Considered here is an extension of this method which utilizes multiple time and frequency windows of the received signals for computing the energy ratio with the goal of achieving the earliest possible detection of cracking. These windows allow different spatial regions to be selectively interrogated, and windows corresponding to the actual crack geometry should be more effective at detecting the crack. An automated algorithm is developed and implemented to permit multiple time–frequency windows to be effectively analyzed without requiring manual interpretation. Results are shown which indicate that cracking in open holes can be detected significantly earlier in the fatiguing process compared to the previously implemented full-window energy ratio method. Integral to the method is the assumption that there is a significant change in crack closure as a function of load.     

Corrosion behaviors and galvanic studies of microarc oxidation films on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

Corrosion-resistant films were fabricated by the microarc oxidation technique on the LC4 zinc-containing aluminum alloy in silicate electrolyte. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of LC4 alloy, with and without films, were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization curves. Galvanic currents and galvanic potentials of bare and coated alloys coupled with copper were measured using the zero-resistance technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was used to analyze the microstructure of films and the corrosion morphology before and after corrosion testing. After microarc discharge treatment, the corrosion potential was increased and the corrosion current was significantly reduced. For a thin film sample, the galvanic current is similar to that of the bare alloy. However, a thick film can protect the LC4 alloy against galvanic corrosion.     

冷弯管模具有限元优化设计

采用基于有限元理论的优化设计方法对应用于反变形冷弯管弯曲的模具进行设计研究.将需要进行大量试验来改进的弯管工艺通过计算机模拟仿真来替代,预测出模具的变形和优化工艺参数,从而大大降低了生产加工成本.     

Synthesis of chiral polymers having camphanediol moieties and their applications on the optical resolution of some racemates

Optically active exo-exo-2,3-camphanediol (CPO) (3) was synthesized from (+)-camphor. Chiral polymers poly(CPO-co-TDI) ( 6 ) and poly(CPO-co-IPDI) ( 7 ) were synthesized by the step polymerization of chiral compound CPO ( 3 ) with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). To investigate the stereo structure of the chiral polymers, two kinds of model compounds, exo-exo-2,3-di[(phenylamido)oxy]camphane ( 4 ) and exo-exo-2,3-di[(propylamido)oxy]camphane ( 5 ), related to polymers ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) were synthesized. Chiroptical characteristics and stereo structures of the chiral polymers were investigated using a circular dichroic spectrometer. The results obtained in this investigation suggest that the chiral polymers ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) have no one-handed helix conformation. The optical resolution ability as chiral adsorbent for HPLC of the chiral polymers was investigated. It was found that chiral polymers ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) are effective for the optical resolution of some racemates. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

表面测温技术在毫米波隐身中的应用

提出了一种通过实时获取环境与装备表面温度实现自适应调节的毫米波隐身的方法及其系统实现.给出了表面测温电路的硬件接口与软件流程图.     

三元合金靶择优溅射稳定态的表面化学成分

基于多元素靶溅射的Andersen-Sigmund关系式，在分析了大量的二、三元素合金溅射稳定态靶表面化学成分的变化之后，发现各元素之间表面结合能之比几乎与靶体化学成分无关。只要给各元素之间设定适当的表面结合能比，就可以很容易地计算出三元合金靶稳定态表面化学成分，至少对于用2keV氩离子轰击的Ag-Pd-Au三元合金靶系来说，其计算结果都与实验值一致。所分析的实验数据是在常温下取得的，所以可不考虑离子轰击诱发的Gibbs偏析，其结论很可能是多元合金靶溅射的一般规律。此外，由Gaidikas等最近所提出的所谓择优溅射中的“基体效应”理论是无实验依据的。     

Sn-9Zn-3Bi/Cu钎焊接头在170℃时效过程中的显微结构

采用ST50润湿实验仪完成了钎焊并研究分析了Sn-9Zn-3Bi/Cu接头在170℃下长期时效的显微结构变化.结果表明:Sn-9Zn-3Bi/Cn接头时效至200 h后在界面处形成单一连续的Cu5Zn8化合物层;时效至500 h和1000 h后,界面处形成了3层化合物层,从铜母材侧起,分别为Cu-Sn化合物层,Cu-Zn化合物层和Sn-Cu化合物层;随着时效时间的增加,整个金属化合物层变厚,而Cu-Zn化合物层减薄,表明Cu-Zn化合物层在时效过程中具有不稳定性.     

ZG20MnMo焊接后热工艺

用插销法研究了后热对ZG20MnMo低合金高强钢焊接热影响区冷裂倾向和强韧性的影响规律。试验结果表明低温后热可以防止ZG20MnMo焊后氢致延迟裂纹的产生,其过热区显微组织主要为板条状马氏体和少量析出碳化物。低温后热时不能有效地改善过热区的组织性能,后热的作用主要通过氢的扩散逸出来体现。     

从化吕田地区围屋平面布局研究

该文以从化吕田地区现存广府围屋和客家围屋田野调查所取得的资料为基础,归纳总结了此两类型围屋的平面布局特征,并初步分析了其流变过程。     

Impact of air‐handling system exhaust failure on dissemination pattern of simulant pathogen particles in a clinical biocontainment unit

Biocontainment units (BCUs) are facilities used to care for patients with highly infectious diseases. However, there is limited guidance on BCU protocols and design. This study presents the first investigation of how HVAC (heating, ventilation, air‐conditioning) operating conditions influence the dissemination of fluorescent tracer particles released in a BCU. Test conditions included normal HVAC operation and exhaust failure resulting in loss of negative pressure. A suspension of optical brightener powder and water was nebulized to produce fluorescent particles simulating droplet nuclei (0.5‐5 μm). Airborne particle number concentrations were monitored by Instantaneous Biological Analyzers and Collectors (FLIR Systems). During normal HVAC operation, fluorescent tracer particles were contained in the isolation room (average concentration = 1 × 10⁴ ± 3 × 10³/L_air). Under exhaust failure, the automated HVAC system maximizes airflow into areas adjacent to isolation rooms to attempt to maintain negative pressure differential. However, 6% of the fluorescent particles were transported through cracks around doors/door handles out of the isolation room via airflow alone and not by movement of personnel or doors. Overall, this study provides a systematic method for evaluating capabilities to contain aerosolized particles during various HVAC scenarios. Recommendations are provided to improve situation‐specific BCU safety.