新一代节能型LCD TV液晶电视系统

如今的液晶电视广泛采用CCFL作为背光光源,但随着技术的推进,LED正在逐步被引入下一代的背光光源系统.与CCFL背光源相比,LED背光源系统不仅具有较低的能量消耗,而且还可以使电视生产厂家容易设计和生产出具有更多功能的电视.同时,LED背光的亮度可调,使生产出的电视更加环保节能.     

Role of eye movements in chromatic induction

There exist large interindividual differences in the amount of chromatic induction [Vis. Res. 49, 2261 (2009)]. One possible reason for these differences between subjects could be differences in subjects' eye movements. In experiment 1, subjects either had to look exclusively at the background or at the adjustable disk while they set the disk to a neutral gray as their eye position was being recorded. We found a significant difference in the amount of induction between the two viewing conditions. In a second experiment, subjects were freely looking at the display. We found no correlation between subjects' eye movements and the amount of induction. We conclude that eye movements only play a role under artificial (forced looking) viewing conditions and that eye movements do not seem to play a large role for chromatic induction under natural viewing conditions.     

Tunable acousto-optic spectral imager for atmospheric composition measurements in the visible spectral domain

We describe a new spectral imaging instrument using a TeO₂ acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) operating in the visible domain (450-900?nm). It allows for fast (～1 second), monochromatic (FWHM ranges from 0.6?nm at 450?nm to 3.5?nm at 800?nm) picture acquisition with good spatial resolution. This instrument was designed as a breadboard of the visible channel of a new satellite-borne atmospheric limb spectral imager, named the Atmospheric Limb Tracker for the Investigation of the Upcoming Stratosphere (ALTIUS), that is currently being developed. We tested its remote sensing capabilities by observing the dense, turbulent plume exhausted by a waste incinerator stack at two wavelengths sensitive to NO₂. An average value of 6.0±0.4×10¹⁷ molecules?cm^-2 has been obtained for the NO₂ slant column density within the plume, close to the stack outlet. Although this result was obtained with a rather low accuracy, it demonstrates the potential of spectral imaging by using AOTFs in remote sensing.     

Solute transport in non‐aqueous nanofiltration: effect of membrane material

Nanofiltration experiments in methanol and ethanol were carried out for six reference components with different molecular weights (MW 228–880) and polarities (logP 0–12). The contribution of diffusion to solute transport, calculations based on results from cell diffusion experiments, was found to be only 1–7%; solute transport occurs mainly by convection. Furthermore, it was found that solute transport is influenced by solute–solvent–membrane interactions. Solvent–solute interactions (solvation) cause a different effective solute diameter in each solvent: it is smaller in ethanol than in methanol, resulting in lower rejections in ethanol than in methanol. Solute rejection increases with increasing molecular size (for components with similar polarity). Solute–membrane interactions were expressed in polarity terms and charge effects. A decrease of the rejection with decreasing solute polarity (for components with similar MW) was observed. Since non‐polar components (high logP) are exposed to smaller repulsion forces from the polymeric membrane material, the resistance against solute permeation is lower for these components. The solvent–membrane interactions were found to result in solvation of the pore wall; the degree of membrane solvation is different for each solvent. It is determined by the affinity between the solvent and the membrane, and by the molecular size of the solvent. In ethanol, hydrophilic membranes show a larger drop in solute rejection than hydrophobic membranes. The differences in solvent–membrane affinity (measured by contact angle) are much smaller for the first membranes, and therefore pore wall solvation decreases with increasing solvent size. Hydrophobic membranes have a much larger affinity for ethanol than for methanol, leading to stronger interactions, but undergo competitive forces due to the larger solvent size. Therefore, the difference in degree of solvation and effective pore diameter is less pronounced. Based on these three observed or postulated interactions, rejections of all six reference solutes in methanol and ethanol could be explained. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Prophid: A Platform-Based Design Method

The continuing trendtowards higher integration densities of integrated circuits makesthe development of systems-on-a-chip possible. For well-definedapplication domains ``silicon platforms' must be defined whichallow efficient, yet programmable implementations. These platformsare heterogeneous reconfigurable multiprocessor architecturessupporting a variety of communication and computation models.As a consequence designers are facing a large architecture spacewith new possibilities for new architectures. To exploit theseopportunities a better understanding of system level architecturesis necessary. A first step in this direction is to learn fromdesign exercises. Eventually this may lead towards a system leveldesign method. In this paper a multiprocessor architecture templateis presented that serves as a platform for high-throughput applications.Central to this architecture is a reconfigurable high-performanceprocessor network that uses communication concepts based on theTST-networks known from the literature. We discuss the characteristicsof the architecture template in detail. Furthermore, we willdiscuss the specification, modelling, and mapping of applicationsfor this architecture. Finally, we analyse cost and performancefigures using real implementation results.     

Does a new learning environment come up to students' expectations? A longitudinal study.

School transitions and educational innovations confront students with changes in their learning environment. Though expectations are known to influence perceptions and motivation, which, in turn, influence the effectiveness of any situation, students' expectations for a new learning environment have received little attention. This longitudinal survey, conducted with 1,335 high school students (average age, 15 years), studied students' expectations and subsequent perceptions of 5 characteristics of a new environment (fascinating content, productive learning, student autonomy, interaction, and clarity of goals) and the students' (prospective) dissatisfaction. Results showed that expectations were positively related to later perceptions. Also, high prospective dissatisfaction was related to higher actual dissatisfaction with the environment later on. Investigating expectations and prospective dissatisfaction in relation to student characteristics (i.e., motivational orientations; conceptions of learning; strategies for regulation, information processing, and affective processing) show that motivational problems and fear of failure were risk factors for educational innovations. Furthermore, students' disappointment with the new environment was related to undesirable changes in student characteristics, such as increased fear of failure. The findings stress the importance of preparing students for curricular changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Atomically Defined Rare‐Earth Scandate Crystal Surfaces

The fabrication of well‐defined, atomically sharp substrate surfaces over a wide range of lattice parameters is reported, which is crucial for atomically regulated epitaxial growth of complex oxide heterostructures. By applying a framework for controlled selective wet etching of complex oxides on the stable rare‐earth scandates (REScO₃), a_pseudocubic = 0.394 – 0.404 nm, the large chemical sensitivity of REScO₃ to basic solutions is exploited, which results in reproducible, single‐terminated surfaces. Time‐of‐flight mass‐spectroscopy measurements show that after wet etching the surfaces are predominantly ScO₂ ‐terminated. Moreover, the morphology study of SrRuO₃ thin‐film growth gives no evidence for mixed termination. Therefore, it is concluded that the REScO₃ surfaces are completely ScO₂ ‐terminated.     

Towards a multiplex cereal traceability tool using padlock probe ligation on genomic DNA

Current EU regulations on the protection of products with certain characteristics (geographical indications and designations of origin) aim to ensure fair competition for producers and increased consumers’ trust. Within the European integrated research project TRACE analytical methods are being developed to allow the maintenance of specific regulations for PGIs (products of protected geographical indication) and PDOs (products of designated origin). An example within the project is the PGI wheat variety Farro della Garfagnana. The aim of the research was to develop a method to establish the purity of Farro della Garfagnana DNA in complex cereal mixtures. The combined approach of padlock probe ligation and multiplex microarray detection can identify possible admixtures. One undesired ‘contaminant’ for Farro della Garfagnana is common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), containing the BBA^uA^uDD genome. Since Farro harbours the BBA^uA^u genome, absence of the D-genome rules out the presence of bread wheat. The current detection limit of this multimethod is at least 2.5% bread wheat in Farro.     

CD44‐Specific A6 Short Peptide Boosts Targetability and Anticancer Efficacy of Polymersomal Epirubicin to Orthotopic Human Multiple Myeloma

Chemotherapy is widely used in the clinic though its benefits are controversial owing to low cancer specificity. Nanovehicles capable of selectively transporting drugs to cancer cells have been energetically pursued to remodel cancer treatment. However, no active targeting nanomedicines have succeeded in clinical translation to date, partly due to either modest targetability or complex fabrication. CD44‐specific A6 short peptide (KPSSPPEE) functionalized polymersomal epirubicin (A6‐PS‐EPI), which boosts targetability and anticancer efficacy toward human multiple myeloma (MM) in vivo, is described. A6‐PS‐EPI encapsulating 11 wt% EPI is small (≈55 nm), robust, reduction‐responsive, and easy to fabricate. Of note, A6 decoration markedly augments the uptake and anticancer activity of PS‐EPI in CD44‐overexpressing LP‐1 MM cells. A6‐PS‐EPI displays remarkable targeting ability to orthotopic LP‐1 MM, causing depleted bone damage and striking survival benefits compared to nontargeted PS‐EPI. Overall, A6‐PS‐EPI, as a simple and intelligent nanotherapeutic, demonstrates high potential for clinical translation.