Multidimensional Test Escape Rate Modeling

Today's SoC designs contain many types of circuitry, each with various test types. This article revisits the classic test escape models and highlights their limitations in a test environment with different types of circuits and different test types with overlapping coverage. A new methodology for test escape rate prediction is presented.     

Design and demonstration of a switching engine for a binary true-time-delay device that uses a white cell

Optical true-time-delay devices based on the White cell can be divided into two general types: polynomial cells, in which the number of delays that can be obtained is related to the number of times m that a beam bounces in the cell raised to some power, and exponential cells, in which the number of delays is proportional to some number raised to the power of m. In exponential cells, the topic to be addressed, the spatial light modulator switches between a delay element and a null path on each bounce. We describe an improved design of this switching engine, which contains a liquid-crystal switch and a White cell. We examine astigmatism and corrections for it and present a specific design.     

Studies on collector-cum-storage type solar water heaters under arid zone conditions of india

Conventional natural circulation type solar water heaters are very costly. Though manufactured in India, they are beyond the reach of the common man. To reduce the cost, a collector-cum-storage type solar water heater has been developed and its detailed study has been carried out and reported. The heater can provide 100 1 of hot water at a temperature of 55–60°C in the evening which can be retained at 40–45°C until the next morning. The efficiency of the heater varies from 57.4 to 66.0 per cent depending on design parameters.     

Direct construction of an open-sandwich enzyme immunoassay for one-step noncompetitive detection of thyroid hormone T4

To establish a sensitive noncompetitive immunoassay for thyroxine (T4), we attempted to isolate anti-T4 antibodies from a phage display library based on a phagemid pDong1 ( Dong et al. Anal. Biochem.2009, 36, 386 ), which was designed to enable open-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OS-ELISA) after selection on immobilized antigen. After the Fab-displaying phage library made from the splenocytes of T4-KLH immunized mice was subjected to biopanning on T4-BSA, two T4-specific clones were obtained. When they were assayed by indirect competitive ELISA, both clones showed low IC(50) (5-13 ng/mL), indicating their high affinity to T4. When they were used for OS-ELISA that detects antigen-dependency of the interaction between variable domains V(H) and V(L), a clone successfully detected 1 ng/mL of T4 with a working range superior to that of competitive IA. OS-ELISA was also performed with maltose binding protein (MBP)-fused V(H)/V(L) of this clone, which showed a detection limit less than 0.1 ng/mL T4. Moreover, the assay showed cross-reactivity with T3 similar to that of competitive ELISA, and also gave a reasonable total serum T4 concentration (90 ng/mL) from ethanol-extracted sample serum using the recombinant proteins. This is the first direct construction of an OS-ELISA system bypassing hybridoma, which will be applicable to the detection of many other small molecule antigens.     

Untersuchungen über die Entstehung von Kohlenwasserstoffen in UV-bestrahlten Fettsäuren und Fettsäure-Estern

Studies on the Formation of Hydrocarbons in Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Esters Irradiated with UV Rays The investigation of volatile compounds in unsaponifiable matter and in steam distillates of UV-irradiated saturated fatty acids and fatty acid esters has shown that by irradiation in the presence of air as well as under vacuum, along with other substances, unsaturated hydrocarbons are formed. They are most probably 1,2 alkenes whose chains are shorter than the corresponding fatty acids by 2 C-atoms. The volatile compounds in the unsaponifiable matter of the UV-irradiated oleic acid comprise predominantly of carbonyle compounds.