爆炸危险性评价及在城市规划中的应用

针对国内大多数城市缺少爆炸灾害防灾减灾规划的现状，应用概率方法对爆炸灾害进行分析研究，介绍了典型的评价方法，并将该结果应用于城市规划的制定，使其更加科学、合理、有效。     

Spatial and temporal trends of petroleum hydrocarbons in wild mussels from the Galician coast (NW Spain) affected by the Prestige oil spill

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in tissues of wild mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Galicia coast (NW Spain) in order to assess the extent of the environmental impact caused by the Prestige oil spill (November 13, 2002). Three sampling campaigns were carried out in February, June and November 2003 at 24 stations along the Galicia coast, from La Guardia (Pontevedra) to Ribadeo (Lugo). The spatial distribution of PAHs found in the first sampling period, clearly revealed the central area (Costa da Morte) as the most affected by the oil spill. In these stations, concentrations up to 7780 microg/kg dw of the sum of 13 parent PAHs were found 2-3 months after the spill. Molecular parameters within the aliphatic and aromatic fractions confirmed the presence of the Prestige oil in these samples. The levels markedly decreased at most of the stations in the second sampling and recovered to levels found before the spill in November 2003, 1 year after the accident (29-279 microg/kg dw, av. 133+/-83 microg/kg dw). However, a certain increase was observed in some sites which could be related to the remobilization of oil residues from still unclean intertidal spots or sediments due to the winter marine weather conditions.     

城市调峰燃气电厂中天然气增压站的设计改良

1项目背景 在大型、特大型城市建设与管理中，能源供应的调节与保障已显现出特殊的作用和重要的社会地位。尤其北京、上海、广州等国际性大都市，其城市能源的节约与保障．已成为当地政府管理的重要议事日程．能源供应的安全性也受到极大关注。以北京为例．为解决城市电力的调峰和应急保障．已建成数座热电联供燃气发电厂。其中，协鑫电厂就是典型的热电联合电厂。这种电厂的建设对于能源的综合利用和提高利用率、转化率．有独到的节能优势。此类电厂的特点是利用燃气轮机直燃发电．燃气尾气余热制造蒸气供热。其特点是机动、灵活，能源利用率高，且无论电、气高低峰均可通过蒸气轮机段的工艺调整，方便地实现发电、蒸气制造等自我工况调节。蒸气需求量增大，蒸气轮机发电工段电负荷降低．抽气量增大；反之，蒸气轮机发电负荷升高，抽气量降低。另外．此类电厂的重大突破在于．启动供电时间较传统电厂缩短数倍．燃气轮机可在10min内将发电负荷从0提升至100％．且在联合性能测试中到达8min的纪录性验证．     

Radon concentration in houses over a closed Hungarian uranium mine

High radon concentration (average 410 kBq m-3) has been measured in a tunnel of a uranium mine, located 15-55 m below the village of Kovágószolos, Hungary. The mine was closed in 1997; the artificial ventilation of the tunnel was then terminated and recultivation works begun. In this paper, a study has been made as to whether the tunnel has an influence on the radon concentration of surface dwellings over the mining tunnel. At different distances from the surface projection of the mining tunnel, radon concentration, the gamma dose, radon exhalation and radon concentration of soil gas were measured. The average radon concentration in the dwellings was 483 Bq m-3. Significantly higher radon concentrations (average 667 Bq m-3) were measured in houses within +/-150 m from the surface projection of the mining tunnel +50 m, compared with the houses further than the 300-m belt (average 291 Bq m-3). The average radon concentration of the soil gas was 88.8 kBq m-3, the average radon exhalation was 71.4 Bq m-2 s-1 and higher values were measured over the passage as well. Frequent fissures crossing the passage and running up to the surface and the high radon concentration generated in the passage (average 410 kBq m-3) may influence the radon concentration of the houses over the mining tunnel.     

钢丝网架水泥夹芯板防火性能研究

本文就钢丝网架水泥夹芯板的防火问题作了系统的实验研究.实验结果表明,用锥型量热计测定,在钢丝网架水泥夹芯板两面抹上10mm厚的水泥砂浆的情况下,复合板能满足防火要求,可作为不燃性材料使用.     

Paleonutritional analysis of the pre-Hispanic population from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands)

In this study, from histological and chemical perspectives, we analyse the human remains belonging to the pre-Hispanic inhabitants from Fuerteventura (one of the Canary Islands) and compare the results with those obtained on a sample of pre-Hispanic inhabitants from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). We observe that trabecular bone mass was normal in the samples from Fuerteventura except for an elderly woman; this result is in sharp contrast with the decreased bone mass observed in the population from Gran Canaria. The pre-Hispanic population from Fuerteventura showed lower bone strontium, Sr/Ca ratio, and bone barium, but slightly higher bone copper, than that from Gran Canaria. All these data indicate a greater consumption of marine products by the population of Fuerteventura. The high prevalence of osteoporosis observed in the population from Gran Canaria may be interpreted as a consequence of protein-calorie malnutrition, a condition which seemed to be not so prevalent in the population of Fuerteventura.     

Sorption of phosphorous to Filtralite-P--the effect of different scales

Sorption of P to the filter material Filtralite-P was examined at a small, medium and large scale. In the small- and meso-scale laboratory models, the sorbed amount of total phosphorus (P) was heterogeneously distributed with more P sorbed in the inlet zone and the bottom layers. The full-scale system had, on the other hand, the highest sorbed concentration in the outlet region. The overall P sorption capacity of the material was 8030, 4990 and 521 mg P kg(-1) Filtralite-P for Box 1, Box 2 and meso scale, respectively. This equals 4.4, 2.8 and 0.29 kg P m(-3) material, respectively. However, the maximum sorption capacities found were 2500, 3887 and 4500 mg P kg(-1) Filtralite-P for the two small-scale box systems and the meso-scale container, respectively. In the full-scale system the overall P sorption capacity of the material was 52 mg P kg(-1) Filtralite-P (0.029 kg P m(-3) Filtralite-P with a maximum sorbed amount of P of 249 mg P kg(-1). Results from both the small- and meso-scale system show that when a constructed wetland (CW) is saturated, i.e. when the outlet concentration has reached its maximum allowed concentration of 1.0 mg P l(-1), only parts of the filter material will have reached the sorption capacity. Sequential extractions of Filtralite-P showed that the loosely bound P, Ca-P and Al-P were the primary P sorption pools both in the small-scale models and in the full-scale CW. However, the proportion of these three fractions varied with time and change in pH. A white product precipitated in the outlet zone of both the small-scale box models as well as the onsite CW. The surface of these precipitation particles was identified by X-ray diffraction and SEM method as CaCO3 and precipitated Ca- and Mg-phosphates.     

室内氡污染的监测与分析

采用闪烁法,对不同墙体材料,不同内墙涂料,不同的地板材料及通风状况的房屋室内的氡浓度状况进行了监测.     

Urban policies and gentrification trends in Madrid's inner city

This article was written as part of a wider research project on Madrid's social geography supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Project PB88/0181). It was initially presented as a paper at the International Research ConferenceEuropean Cities: Growth and Decline The Hague, The Netherlands, 13–16 April 1992.     

Homogeneous iron-catalyzed photochemical degradation of muconic acid in water

Iron photochemical oxidation has been used to remove muconic acid from water. Two different light systems were used: black lamps and solar irradiation. The effect of iron concentration, intensity of incident radiation, pH and presence of oxalic acid was investigated. The first two variables yield positive effects on the removal rate of muconic acid while higher efficiency was achieved at pH 3. Oxalic acid enhances the oxidation rate because of the formation of photoactive ferrioxalate ion. Stoichiometric results indicated formation of two hydroxyl radicals to degrade 1 mol of muconic acid. At similar experimental conditions, initial oxidation rates of muconic acid were higher when solar light was used to irradiate the aqueous solutions, although in this case, the oxidation process is stopped because of the consumption of photoactive species.