Effects of PNN/PZT ratios on phase structure,electric properties and relaxation behavior of PZN–PNN–PZT ceramics

Pb(Zn_1/3Ni_2/3)_c(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)_a(Zr_xTi_y)_bO₃ (PZN–PNN–PZT, the ratios of PNN/PZT a/b were 0.88, 1 and 1.136) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by a traditional solid-state reaction method. The effects of PNN/PZT ratio on phase structure, microstructure and electric properties as well as the relaxation behaviors of PZN–PNN–PZT ceramics were investigated. The XRD patterns showed that all ceramics samples had a pure perovskite phase structure. Meanwhile, it was found that the phase structure undergoes a tetragonal, tetragonal-rhombohedral to rhombohedral transition as ratios of PNN/PZT increased. With the increasing of a/b from 0.88 to 1.136, the dielectric constant and diffusive phase coefficient decreases, it was indicated that relaxation behaviors also decreased. When ceramics with a/b was 1.136, the dielectric relaxation γ reached the minimum and electrical properties were poor. The electric properties of ceramics with a/b was 1.00 have an excellent properties, it was indicated that ceramics reached an optimization at the MPB structure.     

Synthesis of anisotropic NaNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript> seed crystals and fabrication of textured (K<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Na<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>)NbO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-based ceramics

High aspect ratio patelike NaNbO₃ particles with pure perovskite structure have been successfully synthesized by topochemical microcrystal conversion (TMC) from plate-like precursor particles of the layer-structured Bi_2.5Na_3.5Nb₅O₁₈. By changing the Bi_2.5Na_3.5Nb₅O₁₈/Na₂CO₃ ratio, large and thin NaNbO₃ particles with a thickness of approximately 0.5 μm and a width of approximately 20 μm were obtained. The obtained NaNbO₃ particles is quite suitable for fabricating textured (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃-based ceramics. Using the fine platelike NaNbO₃ particles as templates, dense <001> -oriented (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃-0.5 mol %MnO₂ ceramics with high texture quality (Lotgering factor F ₀₀₁ = 87 %) and excellent piezoelectric properties were produced by templated grain growth. Compared with randomly oriented ceramics, textured samples show greatly enhanced properties. The room-temperature strain S, the piezoelectric coefficient d ₃₃ ^* and d ₃₃ reach up to 0.093 %, 233 pm/V and 195pC/N, respectively, which are all about 1.5 times larger than those of non-textured ceramics.     

基于人脸云数据数字标牌投放效果的研究

目的利用移动终端的传感设备,将广告投放对象精准化。方法采用基于肤色修正的Haar特征人脸检测算法、粒子滤波和Mean-Shift相结合的人脸追踪算法以及Gabor特征性别判别和年龄估计算法,设计基于云计算的硬件架构,展望匿名视频,分析系统发展趋势。结果在云端实现了对广告关注人数、关注时间及关注者年龄、性别的实时统计分析并出具了相关报告。结论对在不同时刻、不同地点投放广告从而获取最大效益的实验提供了有力的数据支撑。     

学龄前儿童教育类APP交互设计研究

目的探讨学龄前儿童教育类APP设计原则及实践,为基于移动应用的学龄前儿童教育软件交互设计提出方法论指导。方法从国内外学龄前儿童教育类APP交互设计研究现状分析入手,根据学龄前儿童生理与心理特征表现,提出学龄前儿童教育类APP交互设计原则,并将所提出的原则在实践中进行运用检验。结论定义了学龄前儿童教育类APP交互设计原则,并通过具体案例设计,初步验证了所做研究的适用性,使学龄前儿童与APP之间的交互体验契合学龄前儿童成长发育的特征。     

“一锅法”合成油酸包覆Fe_3O_4及油酸用量对其性能的影响

采用"一锅法",即在"共沉淀法"合成纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒之前,直接加入油酸(表面活性剂),合成了油酸包覆的纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒。并通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、热重分析仪(TGA)对颗粒进行了表征,重点研究了油酸用量对纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒的结构、成分、形貌、尺寸、磁化强度的影响。结果表明,在实验中,油酸与Fe_3O_4摩尔比为0.4时,采用"一锅法"可合成9nm左右、分散性良好、饱和磁化强度在56A·m2/kg的纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒。     

斯蒂芬酸铅含量对某型雷管作用可靠性的影响?

为解决某型雷管瞎火、半爆的问题,分析了工艺过程对针刺药组分和其中斯蒂芬酸铅含量的影响。试验结果表明,工艺过程中针刺药分药和回倒环节会引起针刺药中铅钡共晶含量的波动,当铅钡共晶中斯蒂芬酸铅的含量较低时会导致雷管作用失效。通过建立斯蒂芬酸铅含量与雷管作用可靠性的关系,合理解释了故障批产品几个异常现象,指出应通过使用较小的盒子盛装针刺药等措施来确保生产过程受控。     

自支撑纳米硅/石墨烯复合纸柔性电极的制备及其电化学性能的研究

硅作为锂离子电池负极材料具有极高的理论比容量(4200mAh/g),是目前商业化石墨负极材料的数十倍。但是由于在充放电过程中极易发生粉化破碎,导致其循环比容量会迅速衰减。首次通过水热还原的方法制备了自支撑纳米硅/石墨烯复合纸柔性负极材料。SEM表征显示纳米硅颗粒均匀地分散在石墨烯片层中,制得的复合纸电极较纯硅纳米颗粒的电化学性能有大幅度提高,在100mA/g的电流密度下,首周放电比容量4003mAh/g,十分接近硅的理论比容量,且首周库伦效率高达91%。复合纸循环20周后比容量在3300mAh/g左右,50周后仍能维持1000mAh/g左右的比容量。这主要可归功于石墨烯纸电极优异的柔韧性和导电性,有效抑制了纳米硅颗粒的体积膨胀和结构破坏。同时水热还原法较低的还原温度保证了石墨烯纸还原前后厚度变化不大,有利于石墨烯片层与Si纳米颗粒的紧密接触。