台阶式溢流坝后消力池压强特性

本文通过物理模型试验,研究了台阶式溢流坝在3种坡度下消力池底板上的时均压强、峰值动水压强、脉动压强强度及其形成的特点,提出了计算时均压强的经验公式。研究表明,时均压强、峰值动水压强和脉动压强强度最大值出现在水流冲击消力池底板处,位于x/hk=1.2～2.5,其值随泄槽坡度和流量增加而增大,时均压强的yp/hk最大可达5.4,脉动压强强度可达其相应时均压强的80%,峰值动水压强与时均值的比值可达5～8倍。压强最小值位于x/hk=2.5～5.1之间,时均压强偶会出现负值。脉动压强优势频率在冲击区为4Hz～8Hz,水跃区2Hz～5Hz,跃后区一般在2Hz以下。     

便携式多功能超声波测距仪的设计与实现

本文基于超声波测距原理,利用温度、湿度双补偿方法,设计并实现了一种新型多功能测距仪。通过此超声波测距仪的试验表明,其具有精度高,性能稳定,功耗低,体积小,功能全等优点,能够满足不同场合下测温、测距、测湿度的要求。     

Failure of plasma sprayed nano-zirconia-based thermal barrier coatings exposed to molten CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 deposits

Recently, nanostructured thermal barrier coatings have received considerable attention because of some superior properties in comparison with their conventional counterpart. In this study, nanostructured 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (n-YSZ) coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying, and the degradation behavior caused by molten calcium-magnesium-aluminon-silicate (CMAS) attack was investigated. Results showed that the thermo-chemical reaction product between CMAS and YSZ (both powders and coatings) is different with the change of CMAS content. At low CMAS concentration, a cubic phase is generated by the diffusion of Ca into YSZ grains. As compared to the conventional YSZ, less C-ZrO₂ is detected for n-YSZ. When CMAS reaches a certain concentration (eg 15 mg/cm²), disruptive phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic will occur and the reaction is more readily for n-YSZ. Two different chemical reaction mechanisms governing the CMAS content effect were proposed. It should be noted that the nanozone in the coatings plays an important role in the CMAS degradation process, which enhances CMAS infiltration rate and accelerates the chemical reaction, leading to a poor CMAS resistance of the nanostructured coating than that of the conventional counterpart.     

高盐水条件下亚硫酸盐氧化特性实验研究

在“水十条”背景下,脱硫废水零排放已是大势所趋,利用烟气余热浓缩脱硫废水将脱硫废水减量化引起业内关注。在烟气预浓缩过程中有较少的SO₂转移至液相,产生SO₃ ^2-、HSO₃ ^-、SO₄ ^2-。其中亚硫酸盐性质不稳定,会影响后续处理。为探究此过程中高盐水条件下亚硫酸盐的氧化特性,通过氧化还原电位（ORP） 和溶解氧联合监控,对亚硫酸盐的氧化特性进行研究。研究发现：烟气含氧量促进亚硫酸盐氧化;脱硫废水浓缩倍率同ORP值呈正相关,有利于亚硫酸盐的氧化;烟气预浓缩过程中亚硫酸盐氧化情况较好,氧化率可达94.7%,不需要进行强制氧化。此研究对烟气浓缩过程中控制结垢及减少对后续处理的不良影响具有重要的价值。     

不同透氧率的瓶塞对瓶储两年葡萄酒感官品质的影响

该研究采用三种不同透氧率瓶塞（经典、至尊500和至尊300）对赤霞珠干红和贵人香干白葡萄酒进行两年的瓶内储存,通过测定不同瓶塞葡萄酒溶解氧（DO）、顶端空间游离氧（HSO）含量、单体花色苷总含量、CIELab颜色参数、挥发性香气成分及感官评价,分析不同瓶塞对葡萄酒感官品质的影响。结果表明,不同瓶塞葡萄酒中DO和HSO含量下降幅度为经典>至尊500>至尊300。a*值、b*值、色度（Cab值）和色调（hab值）与单体花色苷总含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,而L*值与之呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。不同瓶塞赤霞珠干红葡萄酒中共检测出30种挥发性香气成分,包括4种醇类,11种酯类,8种有机酸类,1种萜烯类和6种酚类。至尊瓶塞感官品质优于经典瓶塞,至尊500与至尊300之间无明显差异。     

Understanding the structural characteristics,pasting and rheological behaviours of pregelatinised cassava starch

The structural characteristics, pasting and rheological behaviours of cassava starch before and after pregelatinisation were determined by various modern analysis techniques. Pregelatinisation, especially in an ultrasonic environment, can disrupt the granule structure, crystalline structure and short‐range ordered molecular structure of cassava starch. Compared with native starch, pregelatinisation had significantly decreased viscosities and weakened gel structures of starch pastes. Not only did native and pregelatinised starch pastes exhibit shear‐thinning behaviours but also the pregelatinised treatment resulted in the formation of weak gel structures. This study enabled us to acquire the desired pasting and rheological properties of pregelatinised starch by modulating its hierarchical structural changes.     

Shallow and wide fractional max-pooling network for image classification

Convolutional network (ConvNet) has been shown to be able to increase the depth as well as improve performance. Deep net, however, is not perfect yet because of vanishing/exploding gradients and some weights avoid learning anything during the training. To avoid this, can we just keep the depth shallow and simply make network wide enough to achieve a similar or better performance? To answer this question, we empirically investigate the architecture of popular ConvNet models and try to widen the network enough in the fixed depth. Following this method, we carefully design a shallow and wide ConvNet configured with fractional max-pooling operation with a reasonable number of parameters. Based on our technical approach, we achieve 6.43% test error on CIFAR-10 classification dataset. At the same time, optimal performances are also achieved on benchmark datasets MNIST (0.25% test error) and CIFAR-100 (25.79% test error) compared with related methods.

     

Microstructure Design of Carbonaceous Fibers: A Promising Strategy toward High‐Performance Weaveable/Wearable Supercapacitors

Fiber‐based supercapacitors (FSCs) possess great potential as an ideal type of power source for future weaveable/wearable electronics and electronic‐textiles. The performance of FSCs is, without doubt, primarily determined by the properties of fibrous electrodes. Carbonaceous fibers, e.g., commercial carbon fibers, newly developed graphene fibers, and carbon nanotube fibers, are deemed as promising materials for weaveable/wearable supercapacitors owing to their exotic properties including high tensile strength and robustness, excellent electrical conductivity, good flexibility, and environmental stability. Nevertheless, bare carbonaceous fiber normally exhibits low capacitance originating from electric double‐layer capacitance, which remains unsatisfactory for efficiently powering wearable and portable devices. Numerous efforts have been devoted to tailoring fiber properties by hybridizing pseudocapacitive materials, and impressive progress has been achieved thus far. Herein, the microstructures of pristine carbonaceous fibers are introduced in detail, and the recent advances in rational nano/microstructure design of their hybrids, which provides the feasibility to achieve the synergistic interaction between conductive agents and pseudocapacitive nanomaterials but are normally overlooked, are comprehensively reviewed. Besides, the challenges in developing high‐performance fibrous electrodes are also elaborately discussed.     

分裂四元数矩阵方程$AXB+CYD=E$的最小二乘$\eta$-埃尔米特解问题

分裂四元数矩阵方程求约束解问题在数学研究和物理应用中有重要的科学意义,针对分裂四元数矩阵的范数定义所造成的最小二乘解求解困难问题,研究了分裂四元数矩阵方程$AXB +CY D = E$的最小二乘$\eta$-埃尔米特解。首先定义分裂四元数反对合变换和$\eta$-埃尔米特矩阵,其次引入分裂四元数矩阵的Frobenius范数,通过基于分裂四元数矩阵的复表示,解决最小二乘解的求解困难问题。最后利用矩阵的Moore-Penrose广义逆以及Kronecker积,推导出分裂四元数矩阵方程的最小二乘$\eta$-埃尔米特解以及唯一极小范数解的表达式。数值实验验证了该方法的可行性。     

量子信号与经典光信号共纤传输中的噪声抑制技术

目前基于光纤的点对点量子密钥分配所需的器件和系统技术正逐步成熟并呈现商业化应用趋势,因此如何将量子信号和经典光信号复用在一根光纤中以大幅提高系统容量和节约光纤资源成为学术界近年来关注的热点问题之一。主要研究了量子信号与经典光信号共纤传输中的噪声抑制问题,首先分析四波混频和拉曼散射这两种主要噪声因素对量子信道产生的影响;然后针对不同信道间隔和不同传输距离的应用场景分别提出了一种基于非等间隔波长分配的四波混频噪声抑制算法以及一种针对四波混频和拉曼散射进行联合优化的波长分配算法;最后采用仿真验证了所提算法的性能优越性,为未来不同应用场景下的量子信号与经典光信号共纤传输提供了良好的技术方案。