中国铝铁盐工业的现状及发展趋势

论述了中国铝铁盐工业的发展历程、发展现状、目前存在的问题和今后的发展趋势,旨在对中国铝铁盐工业的健康发展提供重要参考。详细介绍了中国铝铁盐工业的主要产品品种（硫酸铝、聚氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁、氯化铁、明矾）、企业生产规模、生产工艺、技术水平、创新动态、生产装备及应用现状,铝铁盐产品主要用于水处理、造纸、速凝剂、食品添加剂等领域,生产过程中的废水封闭循环利用、废渣用作建筑材料、废气综合治理。分析了中国铝铁盐工业目前存在的主要问题,提出了铝铁盐工业存在同质化竞争、粗制滥造、研发投入不足、应用开发滞后等问题。指出了今后铝铁盐工业的发展趋势,即市场需求缓中有增、产能将向优势企业集中、创新产品品种和应用范围带来新的市场需求、打造名优品牌以优驱劣等。     

利用MATLAB进行船舶舵鳍联合减摇智能控制系统设计与仿真

该文针对象船舶舵鳍联合减摇系统这样的复杂模型的仿真以及智能控制系统设计中需训练控制器、仿真中的变参数控制等特点,介绍了一种用SIMULINK对变参数顺系统进行仿真的方法,给出了利用MATLAB环境设计如神经网络控制器等智能控制器的方案,最后给出了所述设计方案和仿真方法的具有实例：利用遗传算法训练模糊神经网络控制器对船舶舵鳍联合减摇系统进行控制。     

Interaction of 4-aminosalicylic acid and surfactants in aqueous solutions using UV-Vis spectra and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy

The interactions of 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) and surfactants in aqueous solutions were investigated by using UV-Vis spectra and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy.The results showed that the strongest peak at UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution in the presence of cationic surfactant and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) appeared at 206 nm and took a red shift from 206 nm to 221 nm with the increase of 4-ASA concentrations from 0.8×10-5 to 4.4×10-4 mol/L.Similarly,the strongest peak at UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution in the presence of nonionic surfactant and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) appeared at 206 nm and took a red shift from 206 nm to 219 nm with the increase of 4-ASA concentrations from 0.8×10-5 to 4.4×10-4 mol/L.However,the similar phenomena did not appeared in the presence of anion surfactant,sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS),the UV-vis spectra of 4-ASA aqueous solution remained the same peak position and the peak value increased with the 4-ASA concentration increase.The results could be attributed to the electrostatic attraction between 4-ASA and CTAB or PVP,as well as the electrostatic repulsion between 4-ASA and SDS.Furthermore,the value of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants in the presence of 4-ASA was determined with Fluorescence method.The first and second CMC of CTAB was 1.2×10-4 M and 2.4×10-4 M,respectively.The first and second CMC of PVP was 1.2×10-4 M and 2.8×10-4 M.SDS realized the multiple micellizations to form multiple CMC.     

Comparison of Superdex Peptide HR 10/30 Column and TSK Gel G2000 SWXL Column for Molecular Weight Distribution Analysis of Protein Hydrolysates

Superdex Peptide HR 10/30 column and TSK gel G2000 SWXL column were compared for molecular weight (MW) distribution analysis of pure proteins/peptides standards, pork/peanut protein hydrolysates, and their peptide fractions. Results revealed that good chromatographic resolution was observed for pure proteins/peptides standards in the MW range of 189 Da to 12,384 Da on Superdex Peptide HR 10/30 column, while TSK gel G2000 SWXL column is more suitable for pure standard in the region of 6,500 Da to 75,000 Da. The test of MW distribution of peptide fractions by ultrafiltration or Sephadex G-25 chromatography indicated that Superdex Peptide HR 10/30 column had better chromatographic resolution for peptides below 3,000 Da than TSK gel G2000 SWXL column.     

氮磷形态对铜绿微囊藻的生长影响

采用BG11培养基探究了铜绿微囊藻生长所需的氮源、磷源最佳质量浓度,并通过测定铜绿微囊藻细胞密度和叶绿素a质量浓度,研究了氮磷的三种不同形态(NH_4+~-N、NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N和K_2HPO_4、β-G-P、ATP)对铜绿微囊藻的生长影响。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻生长所需最佳氮源质量浓度为32 mg·L~(-1),三种氮源对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响从大到小依次为NO_3-N、NO_2-N、NH_4~+-N;铜绿微囊藻生长所需最佳磷源质量浓度为0.5 mg·L~(-1),三种磷源对铜绿微囊藻生长影响从大到小依次为ATP、K_2HPO_4、β-G-P。因此,氮磷质量浓度及其形态的不同对于铜绿微囊藻的生长均会有影响,可以通过调节氮磷质量浓度及其形态有效调控蓝藻暴发。     

金属有机骨架固载离子液体复合材料研究进展

离子液体是一种由阴离子和阳离子共同组成的有机熔融盐，其挥发性低、热稳定性和化学稳定性好、电化学窗口宽、结构可调变，近年来在诸多领域具有广泛的应用。但由于其黏度大不便于输送和操作，合成成本较高、回收利用率低等缺点，其发展受到了一定的限制。金属有机骨架 (MOFs) 材料是由金属离子/团簇和有机配体通过配位键自组装形成的具有分子内孔隙结构的有机-无机杂化材料。以MOFs为载体固载离子液体，不仅可以保留离子液体的优势，还可以赋予离子液体而很多新的特性。本文从MOFs固载离子液体的理论计算和实验应用研究出发，综述了MOFs固载离子液体的起源和固载方式，分析了MOFs和离子液体之间的兼容性、固载形式和相互作用，并对MOFs固载离子液体的瓶颈问题进行了分析，对发展方向进行了展望。