Evidence for a free troposphere source of mercury in wet deposition in the Western United States

Mercury (Hg) in wet deposition in the United States is measured as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program--Hg Deposition Network (MDN). This study focused on compiling and assessing data collected since 2003 at two sites in Nevada, and at one in Nevada and three in Idaho where data were collected over shorter time intervals. At all locations the highest volume weighted concentrations and deposition were observed in the summer, a time of low precipitation, but high gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM) concentrations. Detailed assessment of high Hg wet deposition events showed variability across the region and higher deposition at the higher elevation sites. Potential Source Contribution Function analyses showed no specific point sources associated with the high Hg wet deposition events, but air masses derived predominantly from the southwest. Although this region has potential local and regional sources of GOM, detailed back trajectory analyses, the environmental setting of Nevada, results from other studies in Nevada, and GEOS-Chem modeling results point toward a free troposphere contribution to mercury in wet deposition input to this area of the western United States.     

模拟物流对不同浆果提取物抗氧化活性变化的影响

该研究旨在探究在模拟物流条件下蓝莓、树莓和接骨木莓提取物多酚含量及其抗氧化活性的变化,采用循环变温法模拟陆地物流运输条件[30 ℃（7 h）→35 ℃（6 h）→45 ℃（5 h）→55 ℃（5 h）→60 ℃（1 h）→30 ℃（7 h）],Folin酚法测定不同物流时间下浆果提取物多酚含量,2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基（2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH·）清除活性和氧自由基吸收能力（Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity,ORAC）评价不同物流时间下浆果提取物抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明,接骨木莓提取物、蓝莓提取物和树莓提取物初始多酚质量分数分别为14.96%、5.11%和2.53%,随着循环时间的积累,仅接骨木莓提取物多酚含量显著升高;三者DPPH·清除活性均降低,总IC50增长率均超过20%;接骨木莓提取物、树莓提取物和蓝莓提取物ORAC波动较大,其Trolox当量分别下降62.76%、32.74%和19.72%。模拟物流温度变化与时间积累会影响蓝莓提取物、树莓提取物和接骨木莓提取物抗氧化活性,DPPH·清除活性稳定性依次为树莓<蓝莓<接骨木莓,ORAC稳定性依次为蓝莓<接骨木莓<树莓。     

Structural characterisation of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake and their antioxidant and antitumour activities

In this study, polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (TM-P) were purified using a DEAE-Sepharose fast flow column and three polysaccharide fractions (TM-P1, TM-P2 and TM-P3) were obtained. The chemical composition and structural characteristics of TM-P2 were quite different from those of TM-P1 and TM-P3. TM-P2 consisted of glucose, galactose and mannose with a molar ratio of 5.9:1.1:1.0. The glycosidic linkages were mainly composed of 1,6- and 1-linked glucose. Furthermore, TM-P2 showed the strongest in vitro antioxidant and antitumour activities. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of TM-P2 was 2100.44 μmol Trolox/g. The antiproliferative activities of TM-P2 (4.0 mg/ml) on the growth of HepG2 and A549 cells were 67.98% and 59.04%, respectively.     

Effect of pH and Pepsin Limited Hydrolysis on the Structure and Functional Properties of Soybean Protein Hydrolysates

Effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin on the functional properties and structure characteristics of soybean proteins were investigated. Hydrolysates with different incubation time (10 to 900 min) were prepared. Results showed that SPI hydrolyzed for 60 min exhibited the best emulsibility and the ability of resisting freezing/thawing. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis proved that pepsin can degrade glycinin but had little effect on the α’ subunit of β‐conglycinin. The structure unfolding reached the largest extent after incubation for 60 min and the soluble and flexible aggregates were formed. After 120 min, glycinin was degraded totally and β‐conglycinin formed insoluble aggregates. Moreover, 2 methods were applied for the deactivation of pepsin to obtain final hydrolysates at pH 2.0 and 7.0, respectively. The structure analysis revealed that the unfolding extent and structure characteristic were different in these 2 conditions. When adjusting the pH value from 2.0 to 7.0, the unfolding protein molecular would reaggregate again at pH 7.0 due to the charge neutralization, and the hydrodynamic diameter and λ_max absorbance decreased compared to pH 2.0. Moreover, some of the insoluble aggregates formed at pH 2.0 became soluble at pH 7.0, because of the salt‐in phenomenon.     

放电等离子烧结CuIn5合金的工艺优化

采用正交试验法确定了CuIn₅合金放电等离子烧结(SPS)的最佳工艺参数,研究了烧结温度、烧结时间、烧结压力对CuIn₅合金的致密度、硬度和导电性能的影响。结果表明:影响CuIn₅合金致密度和硬度的主要因素均为烧结温度,其次为烧结压力,烧结时间的影响最小;影响CuIn₅合金电导率的主要因素为烧结温度,其次为烧结时间和烧结压力。利用SPS技术制备CuIn₅合金的最佳工艺为烧结温度850 ℃,烧结时间5 min,烧结压力50 MPa。采用最佳工艺制备的CuIn₅合金组织均匀致密,In固溶于Cu中形成固溶体,其晶格常数为0.362 865 nm,晶格畸变率为0.38%,致密度为99.56%,显微硬度为136.3 HV0.1,导电率为37.86%IACS。     

毛蚶蛋白对益生菌抗生素胁迫的保护作用

长期摄入抗生素残留的水产品可引起肠道菌群稳态失调。该研究基于恩诺沙星对四种益生菌（两歧双歧杆菌BBi32、鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG、植物乳杆菌LP45和乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8）的抑菌作用，建立了抗生素胁迫的益生菌生长模型，评价了红三鱼、黄蚬和毛蚶蛋白粗提物及其不同分离纯化组分对益生菌抗生素胁迫的保护作用。在四种益生菌中，乳双歧杆菌Probio-M8对抗生素胁迫最为敏感，三种原料中毛蚶蛋白粗提物表现出对抗生素胁迫保护作用；毛蚶蛋白粗提物经过阴离子交换柱（SepharoseFastFlow）分离得到四个组分（Fr0、Fr1、Fr2和Fr3），其分子量分别为14.3~44.3 ku（Fr0）、20.1~29.0 ku（Fr1）、14.3~97.2 ku（Fr2）和<14.3 ku（Fr3），其中Fr0可更有效地提高Probio-M8菌液的OD600从0.80提升至1.56，Fr3可将其生长代时缩短至0.98 h。毛蚶蛋白可促进乳双歧杆菌在恩诺沙星胁迫下增殖的活性，表明毛蚶蛋白具有保护益生菌免受抗生素生长胁迫、促进益生菌增殖的功能，该研究为毛蚶蛋白对肠道稳态的调节功能提供理论依据，并提出了应对体内抗生素残留的应对方案。     

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通过对岩心、薄片、测井及地质构造等资料的综合分析，着重对海拉尔盆地乌尔逊、贝尔断陷伯罗系大磨拐河组、伊敏组、南屯组中尼岩类盖层破裂作用类型有特征进行了论述，提出了六种盖层破坏模式，指出了断裂作用是破坏研究区内泥岩盖层封阻性的主要因素。通过对断层的划分和破坏性评价，对该区泥岩盖层在区域上的封堵风险进行了分析，指出了下一步勘探的有利区。     

MOCVD制备的Pt/C薄膜的结构与性能研究

以乙酰丙酮铂为前驱体,采用金属有机化合物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)法在石英及YSZ基体上制备Pt/C薄膜,研究了Pt/C薄膜的结构和电化学性能.沉积过程中通入一定量的氧气可以大幅降低Pt/C薄膜中的含C量,含C较高的Pt/C薄膜的XRD谱线低而宽,具有非晶态衍射特征.在500℃测量温度下,以Pt/C薄膜为电极的YSZ氧气浓差电池的电动势及电流输出高于传统的Pt电极.     

基于位置的知识图谱链接预测

链接预测是知识图谱的补全和分析的基础。由于位置相关的实体和关系本身拥有丰富的位置特征,该文提出了一种基于位置的知识图谱链接预测方法。该方法首先通过分析实体和关系的语义特征对关系进行分类,然后提出了一种基于位置的实体和关系位置特征和规则的挖掘方法;其次,通过挖掘出的实体位置特征和规则,对实体和关系的向量化方法预测结果进行约束,得到最终的结果。该文通过对WikiData、FB和WN数据集的实验,证明该方法针对基于位置的关系和实体链接预测拥有较好的效果。     

Investigation of electronic properties of graphene/Si field-effect transistor

We report a high-performance graphene/Si field-effect transistor fabricated via rapid chemical vapor deposition. Oligolayered graphene with a large uniform surface acts as the local gate of the graphene transistors. The scaled transconductance, g_m, of the graphene transistors exceeds 3 mS/μm, and the ratio of the current switch, I_on/I_off, is up to 100. Moreover, the output properties of the graphene transistor show significant current saturation, and the graphene transistor can be modulated using the local graphene gate. These results clearly show that the device is well suited for analog applications.