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991.
Diagnosis and treatment of 17 patients who sustained 20 iatrogenic ureteral injuries were analyzed. Primary operations in which ureteral injury occurred are almost gynecologic procedures and general surgery. Injuries were managed by ureteroureterostomy in four, ureteral stent in one, removal suture ligation and ureteral double J-catheter in one, ureteroneocystostomy in ten, psoas-hitch technique and ureteroneocystostomy in one, nephrectomy in two. All patients with appropriate repair were followed-up periods of three to five years. Renal function of these patients had optimal results. When ureteral injury occurs, B-US, IVU, cystoscopy, retrograde ureterography or infusion of dye may be useful. An appropriate repair should be chosen according to length and position of ureteral injuries. Reoperation was optimal in two to three weeks. Immediate recognition of accidental ureteral injury provides optimal results. Patients with unrecognized injuries had suboptimal results. 相似文献
992.
42 patients with chronic urinary retention caused by BPH were treated by means of Mesh-like tubular stent placing from August 1993 to August 1994. The mesh-like tubular stent was made of nickel titanium alloy in sizes of 2.0 x 1.5 cm, 2.5 x 1.5 cm, 3.0 x 1.5 cm respectively. Under direct vision the stent was placed with the deployment tool. The desirable position of the stent is 0.3-0.5 cm proximal to the internal urethral orifice, 0.5 cm distal to the verumontanum. In 38 patients followed up for 1-6 months, 34 were succesful with an effective rate of 80%. IPSS, PUFR, RUV after 1, 3, 6 months of placement were 8.5 +/- 4.4, 6.8 +/- 3.5, 7.1 +/- 5.2; 12.5 +/- 6.0 ml/s, 14.0 +/- 5.2 ml/s, 14.4 +/- 8.1 ml/s; 43 +/- 11.5 ml, 47.4 +/- 13.3 ml, 44.5 +/- 15.7 ml respectively. Four stents were taken away transurethrally in the unsuccessful cases. The results indicat that there are no serious complications except for shorttime hematuria, fever, and bladder irritation. The success depends chiefly upon exactly meassuring the length of prostatic urethra, selecting the rational size of the stent, and correctly placing the stent. 相似文献
993.
GH Fan J Zhao YL Wu LG Lou Z Zhang Q Jing L Ma G Pei 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,53(4):684-690
The effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on opioid receptor-mediated G protein activation were explored in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells. Treatment of the cells with NMDA resulted in a remarkable attenuation of [35S]guanosine-5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate binding stimulated by [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), a delta-opioid receptor agonist. The effects of NMDA were dose and time dependent with an IC50 value of 5 nM and could be blocked by NMDA receptor antagonists. After NMDA treatment, the DPDPE dose-response curve shifted to the right (EC50 value increased approximately 7-fold, from 6 to 40 nM), and the maximal response induced by DPDPE was reduced by approximately 60%. The effects of NMDA were reversible, and the DPDPE response could recover within 60 min. The functional responses of delta-, mu-, and kappa-opioid receptors in primarily cultured neurons also were attenuated significantly by NMDA treatment. The inhibitory effects of NMDA on opioid receptor-mediated G protein activation could be blocked by coadministration of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors or by elimination of the extracellular Ca2+. Correspondingly, NMDA treatment of NG108 cells significantly elevated cellular PKC activity and stimulated Gialpha2 phosphorylation. Transient transfection into NG108-15 cells of the wild-type Gialpha2 and a mutated Gialpha2 (Ser144Ala) resulted in a 2-fold increase in DPDPE-stimulated G protein activation. The DPDPE responses were greatly inhibited by NMDA treatment in the wild-type Gialpha2-transfected cells but much less affected in the mutant Gialpha2-transfected cells. In summary, NMDA attenuates opioid receptor/G protein coupling, and this process requires activation of PKC. 相似文献
994.
995.
本文介绍了重要的Internet工具Java语言及其独特的小应用程序-Javaapplet,阐述了applet的基本概念和它给Internet网带来的巨大影响,描述了applet的生命期,以及使用AWT建立applet的一系列方法和applet的安全机制,展望了Java新思想对今后Internet的推动。 相似文献
996.
An encoding technique called multilevel block truncation coding that preserves the spatial details in digital images while achieving a reasonable compression ratio is described. An adaptive quantizer-level allocation scheme which minimizes the maximum quantization error in each block and substantially reduces the computational complexity in the allocation of optimal quantization levels is introduced. A 3.2:1 compression can be achieved by the multilevel block truncation coding itself. The truncated, or requantized, data are further compressed in a second pass using combined predictive coding, entropy coding, and vector quantization. The second pass compression can be lossless or lossy. The total compression ratios are about 4.1:1 for lossless second-pass compression, and 6.2:1 for lossy second-pass compression. The subjective results of the coding algorithm are quite satisfactory, with no perceived visual degradation 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
焊前处理方式对LF6铝合金扩散焊的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机,研究了LF6铝合金的扩散焊工艺,通过对焊接温度、压力、时间的调整和选用不同的料前处理方法,确定了最佳的扩散规范,研究结果表明:在一定的温度和时间范围内,LF65铝合金扩散焊接头的剪切哟度随焊接温度和时间的增加而提高;化学浸蚀法比机械打磨法能更有效的去除铝合金表面的氧化膜;在现有试验条件下,得到LF6铝合金扩散焊的最佳规范参数,搭接试扩散焊接头的剪切强度 相似文献
1000.
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over 10 cm in diameter at the time of diagnosis continues to account for a number of patients undergoing hepatic resection. This study evaluated the clinicopathological features and outcome following surgery for large HCC. METHODS: Forty patients with a large HCC (greater than 10 cm) (group 1) resected between 1991 and 1996 were studied retrospectively. They were compared with 245 patients who had smaller HCCs (10 cm or less) (group 2). RESULTS: No patient in group 1 had hepatitis C infection compared with 22.9 per cent in group 2 (P=0.001). Patients in group 1 were significantly younger, had higher alpha-fetoprotein levels (16750 versus 1864 ng/ml; P < 0.001), better liver function, a higher incidence of multiple tumours (27 of 40 versus 42.0 per cent; P=0.003) and venous invasion (35 of 40 versus 52.2 per cent; P < 0.001), and underwent more major resections (37 of 40 versus 26.5 per cent; P < 0.001) than those in group 2. Morbidity and mortality rates and hospital stay were comparable in the two groups. For group 1, the 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 42, 30 and 28 per cent respectively. Multiple tumours, venous invasion and impaired liver function were factors associated with recurrence. CONCLUSION: Large HCC had specific clinicopathological features. In selected patients, resection is safe and offers the chance of long-term disease-free survival. 相似文献