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131.
The shear strength and aging characteristics of 63Sn–37Pb solder bumps were characterized with variation in solder ball and
UBM pad sizes. The shear strength increased with shorter effective crack size,a
effs
which was determined with the solder ball and pad sizes. The shear strength of the solder bumps on Au/Ni/Cu and Ni/Cu did
not change significantly with reflow time. Substantial decrease in the shear strength occurred for the solder bumps formed
on Au/Ni/Cu with aging treatment, and the shear strength after aging was also related to the bump shape which was determined
with the solder ball and pad sizes. 相似文献
132.
Jung-Chel Chang Cheol Choi Jae-Chul Kim Young-Hoon Yun 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2003,12(4):420-425
Effects of the hot-isostatic pressing (HIP) process on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-base single crystal
superalloy CMSX-4 were investigated. In the overall heat treatment process, the HIP treatment remarkably induced the healing
behavior of micropores and decreased the pore size and porosity of superalloy CMSX-4 compared with normally treated specimens.
The microstructure of γ′ phase after the HIP process showed rather a coarsening tendency and could be developed by the partially solution and aging
treatment. Consequently, the elimination of cast micropores using the HIP step resulted in the inhibition of crack initiation
in microstructure and improved the stress-rupture lives of Ni-base single crystal superalloy by 185%. 相似文献
133.
Doe Gyoon Koo Ho Cheol Park Jin Young Choi Jietae Lee 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2004,191(5):611-624
Each controller in multiloop control systems for multivariable processes can be tuned sequentially with the ultimate information for the paired input and output while former loops have been closed, and hence, single-input single-output autotuning methods can be applied. In this sequential autotuning for multiloop control systems, several iterations are usually required for better control performances. Especially when pairings are undesirable, the autotuning sequences should be repeated with correct pairings, which result in long field experiments. Here, to avoid this drawback, a simple method to identify process models while loops are being sequentially tuned is proposed. The identified models can be used to correct pairings of multiloop control systems and to improve tuning performances without several field iterations. In addition, they can be used to obtain model-based control systems such as decoupling control systems. 相似文献
134.
Rubber‐toughened poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)–organoclay nanocomposite (RTPTTCN) was prepared by a melt mixing technique. The rubber‐toughened PTT (RTPTT) was made by blending it with ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) and with a small amount of maleated EPDM as a compatibilizer. XRD and TEM analysis indicated that the RTPTTCN forms a partially exfoliated nanocomposite. It was observed from SEM analysis that the clay nanoparticles induced a reduction of rubber particle size in the PTT matrix. Tensile and dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the clay nanoparticles enhance the stiffness of the RTPTT without adversely affecting its toughness. Melt rheological studies revealed that the nanocomposites exhibited strong shear thinning behavior, and a percolated network of the clay particles was formed. It was also observed from DSC that the clay nanoparticles caused an increase in the nonisothermal crystallization temperature of the PTT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:863–870, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
135.
A new aromatic diamine monomer containing benzoxazole substituents was prepared by a multistep synthesis starting from 1,4‐dibromo‐2,5‐difluorobenzene. The diamine was polymerized with commercial aromatic dianhydride or dicarboxylic acid chloride monomers to provide several different poly(amic acid)s and polyamides with their inherent viscosities in the range of 0.24–0.46 dL/g. Thermal properties of these polymers including thermal imidization of poly(amic acid)s into polyimides were investigated by using FTIR, DSC, and TGA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 178–185, 2004 相似文献
136.
In this work mathematical models were developed to represent the kinetics of volume changes of fluid spaces associated with
infusion of Ringer’s solution. During infusion of Ringer’s solution, the human body is assumed to be characterized by the
two-fluid space model which has second volume space in addition to the first volume so that fluid exchanges between these
two spaces are possible. Various infusion types were tested to accommodate different medical situations. Volunteers were given
Ringer’s solution and the changes in blood hemoglobin were detected. From the comparison with experimental data, the two-fluid
space model was found to represent adequately the kinetics of human volume expansion during infusion of Ringer’s solution. 相似文献
137.
High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) beads were successfully surface‐crosslinked in a modified plasma reactor. The modified plasma reactor treats large amounts of beads, which are uniformly surface‐crosslinked. In this study, effects of the gas pressure, radio‐frequency (RF) power, and the treatment time on the degree of surface crosslinking were systematically investigated. Degree of surface crosslinking was measured by solvent extraction method (boiling xylene method, BXM). The gel content of plasma‐treated HDPE increases from 0.0 to 1.05% within 10 min at 100 mTorr, 200 W. FTIR and DSC analyses show that the crosslinked layer after plasma treatment is limited only at HDPE surface without changing the bulk thermal property of HDPE. Through the analysis of FTIR, it was confirmed that main peaks corresponding to CH2 bands were decreased and two peaks corresponding to CF2 and CF3 were observed after plasma surface modification. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2921–2929, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10295 相似文献
138.
Kyung-Ju Choi Joseph E. Spruiell James L. White 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1989,29(21):1524-1527
The present paper describes an analysis of the orientation developed in biaxially stretched polystyrene films in terms of the kinematics of the process and a viscoelastic constitutive equation. It was possible to achieve reasonable agreement of predicted and experimental birefringences through use of a convected Maxwell model and the Rheo-Optical Law. 相似文献
139.
Hyun Ju Lim Sung Jun Lee Han Gon Choi Jung Ae Kim Chul Soon Yong Sung Soo Han Seok Kyun Noh Jinho Jang Won Seok Lyoo 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,106(5):3268-3272
High‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a‐PVA) gels loaded with (R,S)‐2‐(3‐benzoylphenyl)propionic acid (ketoprofen) were prepared from 5, 6, 7, and 8 g/dL solutions of a‐PVA with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 4000 in an ethylene glycol/water mixture with an aging method to identify the effect of the initial polymer concentration on the swelling behavior, morphology, and thermal properties of a‐PVA gels. Then, the release behavior of ketoprofen from a‐PVA gels was investigated. As the polymer concentration decreased, the ability for network formation decreased, and the degree of swelling of the a‐PVA gels increased. In addition, the enthalpy increased with an increase in the a‐PVA concentration, but the melting temperatures of the gels prepared at different initial polymer concentrations were the same; this indicated that tighter gel networks would be formed by a higher polymer chain density. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 相似文献
140.
Tae Hwan Kim B. Ramachandra Jung Sik Choi M. B. Saidutta Ko Yeon Choo Sun-Dal Song Young-Woo Rhee 《Catalysis Letters》2004,98(2-3):161-165
Methanol selective oxidation to formaldehyde over a modified Fe-Mo catalyst with two different stoichiometric (Mo/Fe atomic ratio = 1.5 and 3.0) was studied experimentally in a fixed bed reactor over a wide range of reaction conditions. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared catalysts provides evidence that Fe2(MoO4)3 is in fact the active phase of the catalyst. The experimental results of conversion of methanol and selectivity towards formaldehyde for various residence times were studied. The results showed that as the residence time increases the yield of formaldehyde decreases. Selectivity of formaldehyde decreases with increase in residence time. This result is attributable to subsequent oxidation of formaldehyde to carbon monoxide due to longer residence time. 相似文献