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971.
Urban Rainwater Utilization and its Role in Mitigating Urban Waterlogging Problems—A Case Study in Nanjing, China 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, urban waterlogging problems are becoming more and more serious in Nanjing, China. In order to mitigate the urban waterlogging problems, it is necessary to reduce surface runoff from the source by rainwater harvesting and utilization. An urban residential district with an area of 0.58?km2 in Nanjing was selected as the study area. Based on a large-scale topographic map data and the long term rainfall data (1951?C2008), the types of underlying surfaces were classified. The potentiality of collectable rainwater and the possibility of runoff volume reduction were calculated. The results showed that exploitation of rainwater harvesting from rooftops and other underlying surfaces has high potential. The annual collectable rainwater is approximately 372,284?m3, 314,034?m3 and 275,180?m3 under different cumulative frequency of rainfall at 20?%, 50?% and 75?%, respectively. The total capacity of cisterns under assumptions of return period of rainfall and rainfall duration with 5?years and 20?min is 11,022?m3. The cistern??s capacity which is used for roof rainwater harvesting is 4,083?m3, the cistern capacity for per unit roof area (1?m2) is 0.0267?m3. The results of the feasibility analysis of setting up above-ground cisterns showed that 55?% of the total roof areas in the study area are available for setting up cisterns. In the three building types, 16?% of the commercial building??s roof areas and 77?% of that of the residential and the ??others?? buildings are available for setting up cisterns. Urban waterlogging problems can be effectively reduced through rainwater harvesting by 13.9?%, 30.2?% and 57.7?% of runoff volume reduction in three cases of the maximum daily rainfall (207.2?mm), the average annual maximum daily rainfall (95.5?mm) and the critical rainfall of rainstorm (50?mm). 相似文献
972.
Pubic water rights allocation, in which water resources are allocated to users administratively as shared public property,
is an effective and powerful policy for water resource management. Dozens of public water right allocation systems have been
established in China since 1998 without any unified standard across the country. An indicator-based assessment approach, based
on equity, efficiency and sustainability, is proposed in this study to evaluate the performance of public water rights allocation
systems in China in a quantitative way. The approach was applied in 11 river basins of China in which water rights have been
defined. The results show that the performance of the allocation systems depends on the spatial density and exploitation ratio
of the water resources. The performance of allocated water rights systems is better in river basins with greater resource
densities and smaller water exploitation ratios. This assessment approach is very useful for evaluating policy options for
public water rights allocation with appropriate consideration of the local conditions of the river basins. 相似文献
973.
974.
975.
Yujiao Mai Jianping Hu Zheng Yan Shuangju Zhen Shujun Wang Wei Zhang 《Computers in human behavior》2012
This study empirically investigated the structure and function of maladaptive cognitions related to Pathological Internet Use (PIU) among Chinese adolescents. To explore the structure of maladaptive cognitions, this study validated a Chinese Adolescents’ Maladaptive Cognitions Scale (CAMCS) with two samples of adolescents (n1 = 293 and n2 = 609). The results of the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that CAMCS included three distinct factors, namely, “social comfort,” “distraction,” and “self-realization.” To examine the function of maladaptive cognitions, this study tested an updated cognitive-behavioral model in the third sample of 1059 adolescents. The results of structural equation model analyses verified both the direct effect of maladaptive cognitions on PIU and their mediating role in the relationships between distal factors (social anxiety and stressful life events) and PIU among Chinese adolescents. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed. 相似文献
976.
Hu XiongAuthor Vitae Zhong ChenAuthor VitaeFagen LiAuthor Vitae 《Computers & Electrical Engineering》2012,38(3):573-581
In this paper, we introduce an efficient and multi-level conditional privacy preservation authentication protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) based on ring signature. The proposed protocol has three appealing characteristics: First, it offers conditional privacy preservation authentication: while every receiver can verify that a message issuer is an authorized participant in the system only a trusted authority can reveal the true identity of a message sender. Second, it is equipped with multi-level countermeasure: each vehicle can select the degree of privacy according to its own requirements. Third, it is efficient: our system outperforms previous proposals in message authentication and verification, cost-effective identity tracking in case of a dispute, and low storage requirements. We demonstrate the merits gained by the proposed protocol through extensive analysis. 相似文献
977.
Luan S Wang T Li W Liu Z Jiang L Hu L 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2012,108(1):151-157
Milling operations in spinal surgery demand much experience and skill for the surgeon to perform the procedure safely. A 3D navigation method is introduced aiming at providing a monitoring system with enhanced safety and minimal intraoperative interaction. An automatic registration method is presented to establish the 3D-3D transformation between the preoperative CT images and a common reference system in the surgical space, and an intensity-based similarity metric adapted for the multi-planar configuration is introduced in the registration procedure. A critical region is defined for real-time monitoring in order to prevent penetration of the lamina and avoid violation of nerve structures. The contour of the spinal canal is reconstructed as the critical region, and different levels of warning limits are defined. During the milling procedure, the position of the surgical instrument relative to the critical region is provided with augmented display and audio warnings. Timely alarm is provided for surgeons to prevent surgical failure when the mill approaches the critical region. Our validation experiment shows that real-time 3D navigation and monitoring is advantageous for improving the safety of the milling operation. 相似文献
978.
Xiujian Li Wenhua Hu Hualiang Zhang Yongming Nie Jiankun Yang Junbo Yang 《The Journal of supercomputing》2012,62(2):689-697
With excellent photo-electric and electro-optical effects, the photorefractive spatial light modulators can work as optically addressed modulators in optical information processing systems and parallel optical computing systems. The photo-induced current pulses of the photorefractive spatial light modulator observed in the experiments are analyzed to conclude the characteristics, and to find the relationship between the properties of the current pulse and the structural parameters. Furthermore, the origin of the photo-induced current pulse is analyzed, and the methods to improve the operation speed of the spatial light modulators are proposed. The research results will be significant for extending the applications of the photorefractive spatial light modulators, and pushing ahead the research of all-optical modulation materials and devices for optical supercomputing. 相似文献
979.
为了研究多孔壁面发汗液膜冷却的特性,在对剪切气流驱动液滴变形和运动机理研究的基础上,采用步进电机控制液滴的体积,通过加热多孔壁面将液滴输送至连续剪切气流作用的实验风洞中,分析气流流速、壁面孔隙尺寸以及壁面温度对发汗液膜形状的影响.实验结果表明,剪切气流在推动发汗液膜向前伸展的同时也迫使其向两侧扩张,剪切气流速度超过某一临界速度时,液膜不再向两侧扩张;随着多孔壁面孔隙直径的增大,发汗液膜的面积不断增加,其增加程度逐渐降低;壁面温度越高,发汗液膜面积越小,完全蒸发耗时越少. 相似文献
980.
介绍了时钟同步算法在无线传感器网络中的应用及需求,并分析了性能参数和时间同步的误差。介绍了基于层次的传感器网络时间同步算法,进而提出了比较有价值的节省能量消耗自适应的同步算法。 相似文献