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81.
The effectiveness of intermittent, microclimate cooling for men who worked in US Army chemical protective clothing (modified mission-oriented protective posture level 3; MOPP 3) was examined. The hypothesis was that intermittent cooling on a 2 min on-off schedule using a liquid cooling garment (LCG) covering 72% of the body surface area would reduce heat strain comparably to constant cooling. Four male subjects completed three experiments at 30 degrees C, 30% relative humidity wearing the LCG under the MOPP 3 during 80 min of treadmill walking at 224 +/- 5 W . m(-2). Water temperature to the LCG was held constant at 21 degrees C. The experiments were; 1) constant cooling (CC); 2) intermittent cooling at 2-min intervals (IC); 3) no cooling (NC). Core temperature increased (1.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C) in NC, which was greater than IC (0.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C) and CC (0.5 +/- 0.3 degrees C) ( p < 0.05). Mean skin temperature was higher during NC (36.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C) than IC (33.7 +/- 0.6 degrees C) and CC (32.6 +/- 0.6 degrees C) and mean skin temperature was higher during IC than CC ( p < 0.05). Mean heart rate during NC (139 +/- 9 b . min(-1)) was greater than IC (110 +/- 10 b . min(-1)) and CC (107 +/- 9 b . min(-1)) ( p < 0.05). Cooling by conduction (K) during NC (94 +/- 4 W . m(-2)) was lower than IC (142 +/- 7 W . m(-2)) and CC (146 +/- 4 W . m(-2)) ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest that IC provided a favourable skin to LCG gradient for heat dissipation by conduction and reduced heat strain comparable to CC during exercise-heat stress in chemical protective clothing. 相似文献
82.
杀虫剂现状及发展前景 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文了杀虫剂的四个时代及其现状。在分析评价其发展历史及历史发展需要的基础地新一代杀虫剂发展的途径及展望。 相似文献
83.
朱荣 《武汉理工大学学报(材料科学英文版)》2012,27(5):821-824
Samples prepared from as-extruded magnesium alloy Mg-3%Al-1%Zn (AZ31) billets were utilized in low-cycle fatigue tests in order to investigate the frequency-dependent fatigue life. Fully reversed strain-controlled tension-compression fatigue tests were carried out at frequencies of 1 Hz and 10 Hz in air. The microstructures were examined by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).When the strain amplitude was lower than 0.2%, the fatigue life exhibited a positive correlation with loading frequency, and the activity of twinning was increased at 10 Hz. When the strain amplitude was higher than 0.2%, significant twinning was observed both at these two frequencies, and the fatigue life was found to be independent of frequency. The possible reasons for this frequency-related fatigue lifetime may be due to the dependence of twinning upon loading frequency and strain amplitude. 相似文献
84.
Combinatorial (or rule-based) methods for inferring haplotypes from genotypes on a pedigree have been studied extensively in the recent literature. These methods generally try to reconstruct the haplotypes of each individual so that the total number of recombinants is minimized in the pedigree. The problem is NP-hard, although it is known that the number of recombinants in a practical dataset is usually very small. In this paper, we consider the question of how to efficiently infer haplotypes on a large pedigree when the number of recombinants is bounded by a small constant, i.e. the so called k-recombinant haplotype configuration (k-RHC) problem. We introduce a simple probabilistic model for k-RHC where the prior haplotype probability of a founder and the haplotype transmission probability from a parent to a child are all assumed to follow the uniform distribution and k random recombination events are assumed to have taken place uniformly and independently in the pedigree. We present an O(mnlog? k+1 n) time algorithm for k-RHC on tree pedigrees without mating loops, where m is the number of loci and n is the size of the input pedigree, and prove that when 90log?n<m<n 3, the algorithm can correctly find a feasible haplotype configuration that obeys the Mendelian law of inheritance and requires no more than k recombinants with probability $1 -O(k^{2}\frac{\log^{2}n}{mn}+\frac{1}{n^{2}})$ . The algorithm is efficient when k is of a moderate value and could thus be used to infer haplotypes from genotypes on large tree pedigrees efficiently in practice. We have implemented the algorithm as a C++ program named Tree-k-RHC. The implementation incorporates several ideas for dealing with missing data and data with a large number of recombinants effectively. Our experimental results on both simulated and real datasets show that Tree-k-RHC can reconstruct haplotypes with a high accuracy and is much faster than the best combinatorial method in the literature. 相似文献
85.
86.
为提高光线与虚拟场景几何面片求交的计算效率,提出一种基于混合模式的空间加速结构。该方法改进传统的层次包围盒,把细分层次包围盒与空间均匀网格划分相结合,实现了可并行的混合空间加速设计。此外,把帧间可重用的数据抽取至数据缓存,建立多几何群组的加速结构共享,实现了光线跟踪算法的并行优化。实验证明,该混合加速结构能有效加快光线跟踪的光线场景求交判断速度,快速实现光线跟踪并行化计算。 相似文献
87.
合成羟基乙叉二膦酸反应机理分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
详细分析了合成羟基乙叉二膦酸的反应机理,并讨论了影响HEDPA产率的主要因素,对生产实际具有一定指导作用 相似文献
88.
An investigation of the effects of mix strength on the fracture and fatigue behavior of concrete mortar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Lou K. Bhalerao A. B. O. Soboyejo W. O. Soboyejo 《Journal of Materials Science》2006,41(21):6973-6977
This paper examines the effects of mix compressive strength (30, 35 and 40 MPa) on the fracture initiation toughness, resistance-curve behavior and fatigue crack growth behavior of concrete mortar. The fracture initiation toughness and the resistance-curve behavior are shown to increase with increasing mix strength. The observed resistance-curve behavior is then attributed largely to the effects of ligament bridging, which are predicted using small- and large-scale bridging models. In contrast, the fatigue crack growth resistance is shown to decrease with increasing mix strength. An extended multiparameter framework was used for the modeling of fatigue crack growth. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed for the design of concrete mixtures with attractive combinations of strength, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance. 相似文献
89.
S. Pan C. Lou 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2006,18(13):1451-1453
We demonstrate a stable multiwavelength actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser at 10 GHz based on a dispersion cavity and nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) effect. The dispersion cavity allows simultaneous multiple wavelengths to satisfy the round-trip condition and smooth wavelength tuning, while the NPR ensures the stable operation and supermode noise suppression. A simple model is developed to explore the optimal setting of the cavity. Simultaneous dual- and five-wavelength operation is experimentally investigated. 相似文献
90.