Preparations of nanosized TiO2 in reverse microemulsion and their photocatalytic activity

Nanosized titania sol has been produced by the controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles. The physical properties, such as surface area, crystallite size and crystallinity according to R and W₀ ratio, have been investigated by TEM, XRD, BET, FT–IR, TGA and DTA. In addition, the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol has been studied by using a batch reactor in the presence of UV light in order to compare the photocatalytic activity of prepared nanosized titania. It is shown that the anatase structure appears in the 300–600 °C calcination temperature range and the transformation of anatase into rutile starts above 700 °C. The crystallite size increases with increasing R and W₀ ratio but W₀ ratio shows a stronger effect on the crystallite size than R ratio. In the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol, the photocatalytic activity is mainly determined by the crystallinity of titania. In addition, the titania calcined at 500 °C shows the highest activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of p-nitrophenol() and the pure anatase structure.     

带有弯曲静子的压气机数值仿真

针对某两级低速轴流压气机第一级静子通道小流量范围内存在轮毂-角区失速现象,为了提高压气机的效率,采用计算流体力学方法,对第一级静子进行了不同的弯曲变化数值仿真,分析研究了静子弯曲对压气机性能和轮毂-角区失速的影响。结果表明,弯曲叶片能够通过改变静子轮毂表面静压分布,减缓低能流体的横向流动,从而有效地抑制小流量范围内的轮毂-角区失速,压气机的压比和效率得到较大的提升。     

天然酯绝缘油改性的研究进展

天然酯绝缘油具有较高的燃点和闪点、优异的天然降解能力和良好的绝缘性能,是矿物绝缘油的绿色替代品.由于其自身的理化特性,将其应用于变电设备还面临着很多挑战.本文综述了天然酯绝缘油的制备工艺,结合天然酯绝缘油的不足之处,从添加剂改性、混合改性、纳米改性及化学改性等方面阐述了天然酯绝缘油的研究成果,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

云关系模式及其应用*

在云变换的基础上,结合非经典关系数据库理论提出了云关系模式,给出了云关系模式的定义,探讨了云关系模式的意义,并将它应用于学生成绩数据库中,改进了目前学生定性评定方法,克服了其中的主观因素,实例证明该方法具有可行性.     

氟化磷酸钒钠在钠离子电池中的应用进展

钠离子电池具有安全性高、钠资源丰富、成本低等独特优势,引起了人们的广泛关注.构建具有良好电化学性能的钠离子电池的关键之一就是正极材料的选取,氟化磷酸钒钠[Na3V2(PO4)2F3]因其结构稳定性好、离子输运快、工作电位高等特点被认为是一种很有前途的正极材料.但电导率较低,使其电化学性能较差;制备成本较高,阻碍了其大规模应用的发展.综述了在提升Na3 V2(PO4)2 F3电化学性能方面的措施,主要包括改进制备方法、离子掺杂、表面包覆等.为今后高性能Na3 V2(PO4)2 F3的合理设计提供了很好的参考.     

主变方向过流保护拒动原因分析

针对某变电站主变10 kV方向过流保护拒动情况,从保护原理、现场接线、定值设置等方面,分析电流互感器的极性选择及方向元件控制字的设置对短路功率方向的影响,提出规范二次接线、合理设置控制字等防止保护拒动和误动的相关措施,确保方向过流保护动作的正确性.     

Importance of Low-Temperature Melt-Mixing on the Construction of Stereocomplex Crystallites with Superior Nucleation Efficiency in Asymmetric Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(d-lactide) Blends

The nucleation efficiency (NE) of stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) formed in asymmetric poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is generally unsatisfactory because the competition between stereocomplexation and chain mixing involved in the melt-mixing process can cause low formation efficiency and even severe aggregation of SCs. Herein, it is attempted to achieve high-efficient formation of finely dispersed SCs particles by designing a unique melt-mixing procedure, where the mixing of PLLA with 0.75 wt% PDLA is first performed at elevated temperatures (far above the melting temperature of SCs) to allow the homogeneous mixing of PLLA/PDLA chains and then at a low temperature (slightly above that of homocrystallites) to permit the full stereocomplexation of the premixed chains. It is found that the SCs formed in the blends exhibit unexpectedly low NEs (e.g., 54.5%), much inferior to that (73.6%) in the counterpart without undergoing premixing. This is because the introduction of premixing leads to a remarkable deterioration in the amount of SCs particles formed, despite decreased particle size, highlighting that the direct mixing at low temperatures of 170–180 °C (about 20–30 °C lower than that used in common melt-processing of PLA) is more effective for the construction of SCs with superior NE. The mechanisms for these striking findings are discussed.     

含硫氰酸盐、硫化物固体废物中总氰化合物测定方法

实验建立了含硫氰酸盐、硫化物固体废物中总氰化合物的测定方法,采用硝酸银滴定法、异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法分别测定总氰化合物含量高、低的样品。通过条件实验优化了前处理方式、称样量和干扰去除方法。该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.43%～1.33%,加入标准物质回收率为91.5%～101.5%,精密度和准确度良好,符合测定要求。     

氧化铝超浓相输送系统计量新装置的研究开发

本文介绍了我国首例铝电解大组氧化铝超浓相输送管路上安装电子秤进行氧化铝静态称量连续下料自动计量新方法、新装置及其使用精度的有关基本情况。