Zum Nachweis der Shiga-like Toxine vonEscherichia coli mit Hilfe des MTT-Zellkulturtests

Tissue culture cells' metabolism and viability are measured by the mitochondrial reduction rate of a yellow tetrazolium salt (MTT) to blue formazan crystalls in the MTT-bioassay. Thus the MTT-bioassay is a standardizable and reproducible bioassay for measuring cytotoxicity or cytostimulation. It is shown that the MTT-bioassay is also very suitable for determining bacterial cytotoxins using Escherichia coli's Shiga-like toxins as example. 177 strains ofE.coli, isolated from carcasses and organs of cattle, are classified biochemically and tested for cytotoxin production by means of the MTT-bioassay. One of these strains is recognized as producer of Shiga-like toxin 2. 4 Enterohemolysin-producing strains ofE.coli are cultivated from a feces sample of a diarrhoeic nubian ibex and identified as Shiga-like toxin 1 producers by help of the MTT-bioassay.     

Investigation of fusion welded butt joints in structural steels

In the present paper research work is presented combining material related research, weld fabrication related research and research in the field of numerical analysis of welded joint performance. Elements belonging to this extensive combination are mechanical testing, fracture mechanics testing of small scale and full thickness specimens, component testing including engineering defect assessment and numerical modelling using finite element method. Examples are given for each of the above mentioned elements.     

Time Delay Estimation by Cross-covariance Maximization of Quadrature Sampled Narrowband Signals

A numerically efficient algorithm for estimating the time delay from observations of a stationary narrowband signal and its delayed version is investigated. Quadrature sampling, a variant of bunched sampling, is applied to estimate samples of the quadrature components of the cross-covariance function of the two signals. The baseband magnitude squared of this function can be maximized for time delay estimation. Because the time delay is unknown, the baseband cross-covariance function cannot be interpolated from the estimated samples. Numerical maximization of the samples' magnitude squared and quadratic interpolation, however, results in a reasonable time delay estimate.     

Das Recht der Protokollierung

Die Protokollierung als Ma?nahme zur Datenschutzkontrolle ist bislang noch keiner systematischen rechtlichen Betrachtung unterzogen worden. Der Beitrag erl?utert den verfassungsrechtlichen Hintergrund der Protokollierung als einer verfahrensrechtlichen Vorkehrung, stellt die Regelungen des allgemeinen Datenschutzrechts zur Protokollierung dar und skizziert einige Regelungen zur Protokollierung automatisierter Abrufverfahren. Dabei zeigen sich signifikante Unterschiede zu den Anforderungen an die Protokollierung.     

Stratospheric balloons as a testbed for optical space communications technology

An experimental optical communications link between two stratospheric balloons is proposed as an intermediate step from limited ground laboratory tests to costly space operations. Such an experiment can overcome many environmental constraints encountered on the ground, and allows all measurements to be made directly in the antenna far field. Early performance demonstrations are possible which allow experimental trade-offs between alternative technologies and the verification of concepts, critical system parameters and subfunctions under near space conditions.     

Structure-cytotoxicity studies on alkyl lysophospholipids and some analogs in leukemic blasts of human origin in vitro

Eleven lipids have been tested for cytotoxic (trypan blue dye exclusion) activity in cells from eight freshly explanted human leukemias in vitro. 4-Aminomethyl-1-[2,3-(di-N-decyloxy)N-propyl]-4-phenylpiperidine (CP-46,665), 1-mercapto-hexadecyl-2-methoxymethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (BM 41.440), the 2-acetamide analog of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH₃) were found among the most active compounds. 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine (2-LPC) showed the lowest activity. However, in addition there was variation among the results regarding the activity of the 1-octadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OH) and its D- and L-forms, but a significantly higher cytotoxic activity of D-ET-18-OH compared with L-ET-18-OH on the basis of 2-LPC as control after an incubation time of 48 hr. We conclude that with the limited number of structures available, this type of study is not sufficient to yield further information about the mode of the accumulation and toxicity of this type of lipids.