Estimating frequency of occurrence.

Various models have been proposed that attribute judgments of frequency of occurrence either to the direct coding of frequency information or to the estimation of frequency from characteristics of memory traces that are not direct frequency codes. We present three experiments that replicate and further explore a phenomenon that is significant in the distinction between direct and indirect models of frequency coding. The phenomenon is that deeper processing of stimulus material results in superior judgments of frequency for that material than does shallower processing. This effect is at least partly attributable to the number of associations that are generated by deep analysis. The results of the present experiments thereby implicate an indirect coding mechanism underlying frequency judgments. However, we also show that there is ample reason to suppose a contribution of a direct coding mechanism as well. The most reasonable view, therefore, is that multiple mechanisms are involved in the registration of frequency of occurrence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Effects of Cyclic Terminal Groups in 4-Aminoazo-benzene and Related Azo Dyes: Part 21—pKa Values of Some Monoazo Dyes Derived from

Basicity values have been determined for series of monoazo dyes incorporating a pyrrolidino or a piperidino moiety. In general, the pK_a value is found to decrease as the donor capacity of the terminal nitrogen atom decreases.The basicities of the 4'-substituted piperidinoazobenzenes decrease as the electron withdrawing strength of the 4'-substituent increases. However, the pK_a values of the related pyrrolidino compounds appear to be insensitive to the substituent.     

Pressure effects on flow and fracture of Be-Al alloys

The flow and fracture behavior of Be-Al alloys were determined in tension with different levels of superimposed pressure. The Be-Al alloys were prepared by Brush Wellman, Inc. (Cleveland, OH) from prealloyed powders processed to either a hot isostatically pressed (“hipped”) or cold isostatically pressed and extruded condition. Significant effects of pressure on both the flow and ductility have been observed at room temperature, with implications on the formability of these materials. The effects of changes in processing conditions and stress state on the flow and fracture behavior are summarized in addition to both optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the fracture surfaces. Separate other studies on the alloy constituents (e.g., Al and Be) are also reported. The results are also compared to previous works on monolithic materials and composites tested with high pressure.     

Effects of design parameters on geared two-link mechanisms

The design of a specialized agricultural harvesting machine required the use of a path generation mechanism that was compact, accurate, inexpensive to manufacture and difficult attempts involved the use of a cam and follower, but they were expensive to manufacture and difficult to operate. This paper discusses an alternative method of using a coupled, open loop, two-link mechanism to generate a polygon-like closed path (pseudo-polygon) with an integer number of curved sides and apexes. A complete development of the path and path curvaturei equations are presented. The influence of the design variables on the coupler shape (flatness of each side) is shown in equation and design chart form. An example of a successful application of this design method applied to a plant cutting mechanism is presented.     

The humanist and computer-assisted library research

Conclusion Because of the success of this project as measured by the favorable comments of the participants as well as the increased search activity, the Council on the Humanities awarded an additional $1000 to continue the project in the spring of 1985. As an added feature of the new proposal, a workshop is planned for chairs of the various humanities departments as well as other interested humanists. The aim will be to encourage them and their colleagues to increase their involvement in automated literature searching, as well as to encourage their graduate students to use the service. With continued support, greater awareness of the service, and more extensive coverage of existing and future databases,³ a steady increase in computer-assisted bibliographic searching among humanists is definitely possible.     

Evaluating the solar resource: a review of problems resulting from temporal, spatial and angular variations

Accurate assessment of the availability of solar energy at the Earth's surface is hampered by difficulties associated with the variability of solar radiation in space and time and with the angular position in the sky hemisphere. This paper assesses each of these problem areas by highlighting the difficulties and the attempts to offset them. Major emphasis is placed on extrapolation and interpolation procedures, the sensitivity of inclined surfaces to variations in the solar input, numerical models for calculating the irradiance of inclined surfaces and the time scales for which these computations are valid.Finally, the reader is urged to consider the significance of these difficulties in light of both radiation measurement errors and the sensitivity of the application to imprecise determinations of the radiation environment.     

Solar pond ground heat loss to a moving water table

An analytical solution is presented that calculates the heat loss from the bottom of a solar pond (or any heated object) to a soil that contains a moving water table. The water table is treated as a fluid slab moving as a slug flow in one dimension. Edge effects and horizontal heat conduction are ignored. Both steady-state and time-dependent solutions are presented. Results are presented in terms of an effectiveness ratio—the actual heat flux divided by the steady-state heat flux resulting from a constant temperature heat sink at the depth of the water table. The only water-table parameter that strongly affects the effectiveness is the fluid capacity rate. Thus, for any potential solar pond site, a measurement of the mass flow rate of the water table combined with knowledge of the soil thermal properties will allow a good estimation of the ground heat loss expected over the lifetime of the pond.