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11.
Somsak Vanit-Anunchai Jonathan Billington Guy Edward Gallasch 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2008,10(1):29-56
State space explosion is a key problem in the analysis of finite state systems. The sweep-line method is a state exploration
method which uses a notion of progress to allow states to be deleted from memory when they are no longer required. This reduces
the peak number of states that need to be stored, while still exploring the full state space. The technique shows promise
but has never achieved reductions greater than about a factor of 10 in the number of states stored in memory for industrially
relevant examples. This paper discusses sweep-line analysis of the connection management procedures of a new Internet standard,
the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP). As the intuitive approaches to sweep-line analysis are not effective, we
introduce new variables to track progress. This creates further state explosion. However, when used with the sweep-line, the
peak number of states is reduced by over two orders of magnitude compared with the original. Importantly, this allows DCCP
to be analysed for larger parameter values.
Somsak Vanit-Anunchai was partially supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant (DP0559927) and Suranaree
University of Technology.
Guy Edward Gallasch was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant (DP0559927). 相似文献
12.
Jonathan J. Cook 《Software》2004,34(9):815-845
We discuss P#, our implementation of a tool that allows interoperation between a concurrent superset of the Prolog programming language and C#. This enables Prolog to be used as a native implementation language for Microsoft's .NET platform. P# compiles a linear logic extension of Prolog to C# source code. We can thus create C# objects from Prolog and use C#'s graphical, networking and other libraries. We add language constructs on the Prolog side that allow concurrent Prolog code to be written. A primitive predicate is provided that evaluates a Prolog structure on a newly forked thread. Communication between threads is based on the unification of variables contained in such a structure. It is also possible for threads to communicate through a globally accessible table. All of the new features are available to the programmer through new built-in Prolog predicates. We discuss two software engineering tools implemented using P#. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
We show new upper bounds for problems in the W-hierarchy of fixed-parameter complexity. A crucial ingredient of our proofs
is an extension to the W-RAM model, which permits more-powerful operations but remains equivalent to the original. We use
the extended model to give new upper bounds for Subsetsum, Maximum Irredundant Set, and various problems concerning intersection
of finite-state machines. 相似文献
14.
It is common knowledge today that application of sound manufacturing concepts and techniques will only provide cost-effective, long-term return when manufacturing functions are totally integrated with the operators, maintenance engineers and other associated personnel. This paper presents a human-centred methodology and its associated knowledge-based tool, to utilize equipment failure information for the purpose of machine down-time minimization. Based upon a structured and rigorous assessment of each breakdown, and combined with total employee participation, continuous improvement of maintenance function and operational effectiveness of equipment can be made a reality. 相似文献
15.
Hydrogenation of canola oil in the presence of nickel and the methyl benzoate-chrome carbonyl complex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. J. Rubin S. S. Köseoglu L. L. Diosady W. F. Graydon 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1986,63(12):1551-1557
Canola oil was hydrogenated using a mixture of homogeneous methyl benzoate-Cr(CO)3 and heterogeneous nickel catalysts. The effect of the methyl benzoate-Cr(CO)3_to-nickel ratio on the activity, specific isomerization index, linoleate and linolenate selectivities, and fatty acid composition
was evaluated, and the results compared with those obtained with commercial nickel catalyst and methyl benzoate-Cr(CO)3 used individually. At higher chromium-to-nickel ratios the activity of nickel was inhibited and the system behaved essentially
like the pure chrome complex, while at low chromium-to-nickel ratios the characteristics of the nickel predominated. In a
short transition zone relatively high reaction rates were obtained with significantly reducedtrans-isomer levels in the product. In a broader sense, it may be possible to combine a homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst
while retaining the advantages of both. We may thus be able to design catalyst systems for specific applications. 相似文献
16.
Xiao-Ying Wang Jonathan M. Garibaldi Benjamin Bird Michael W. George 《Applied Intelligence》2007,27(3):237-248
Recently Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging has been used as a tool to detect the changes in cellular
composition that may reflect the onset of a disease. This approach has been investigated as a mean of monitoring the change
of the biochemical composition of cells and providing a diagnostic tool for various human cancers and other diseases. The
discrimination between different types of tissue based upon spectroscopic data is often achieved using various multivariate
clustering techniques. However, the number of clusters is a common unknown feature for the clustering methods, such as hierarchical
cluster analysis, k-means and fuzzy c-means. In this study, we apply a FCM based clustering algorithm to obtain the best number
of clusters as given by the minimum validity index value. This often results in an excessive number of clusters being created
due to the complexity of this biochemical system. A novel method to automatically merge clusters was developed to try to address
this problem. Three lymph node tissue sections were examined to evaluate our new method. These results showed that this approach
can merge the clusters which have similar biochemistry. Consequently, the overall algorithm automatically identifies clusters
that accurately match the main tissue types that are independently determined by the clinician. 相似文献
17.
Voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT) is an effective drug abuse treatment, but the cost of VBRT rewards has limited its dissemination. Obtaining VBRT incentives through donations may be one way to overcome this barrier. Two direct mail campaigns solicited donations for use in VBRT for pregnant, postpartum, and parenting drug users in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and in Los Angeles, California. In Toronto, 19% of those contacted over 2 months donated $8,000 ($4,000/month) of goods and services. In Los Angeles, nearly 26% of those contacted over 34 months donated $161,000 ($4,472/month) of goods and services. Maintaining voucher programs by soliciting donations is feasible and sustainable. The methods in this article can serve as a guide for successful donation solicitation campaigns. Donations offer an alternative for obtaining VBRT rewards for substance abuse treatment and may increase its dissemination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
Platelet aggregation is known to be inhibited by ethanol, and this has been suggested to be one of the attenuating effects
of ethanol in cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have implicated an inhibition of phospholipase A2 induced arachidonic acid release, since the production of prostanoids that are formed from arachidonic acid and are involved
in the aggregation process has been shown to be diminished by ethanol. Phospholipase A2 is found in platelets in both a cytosolic form, from where it may translocate to the plasma membrane to release arachidonic
acid, and in a secretory form which is released extracellularly upon activition. In the present study, the effect of ethanol
on the secretion of phospholipase A2 and on its activity was determined. It was found that ethanol inhibited trast, the activity of the cytosolic form of phospholipase
A2 was inhibited by ethanol. 相似文献
19.
An important aspect of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) that has been largely overlooked is the use of satellite facilities to replenish vehicles during a route. When possible, satellite replenishment allows the drivers to continue making deliveries until the close of their shift without necessarily returning to the central depot. This situation arises primarily in the distribution of fuels and certain retail items. When demand is random, optimizing customer routes a priori may result in significant additional costs for a particular realization of demand. Satellite facilities are one way of safeguarding against unexpected demand. This paper presents a branch and cut methodology for solving the VRP with satellite facilities subject to capacity and route time constraints. We begin with a mixed-integer linear programming formulation and then describe a series of valid inequalities that can be used to cut off solutions to the linear programming relaxation. Several separation heuristics are then outlined that are used to generate the cuts. Embedded in the methodology is a VRP heuristic for finding good feasible solutions at each stage of the computations. Results are presented for a set of problems derived from our experience with a leading propane distributor. 相似文献
20.
DE Anderson XJ Yuan CM Tseng LJ Rubin GM Rosen ML Tod 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,193(3):878-885
Free radicals react with nitrones to form stable nitroxides which can be identified by ESR spectroscopy. Unfortunately, little is known regarding the pharmacological properties of these compounds. In this study, three commonly used nitrones, 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), and alpha-(4-pyridyl 1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN), were found to induce relaxation of preconstricted isolated rat pulmonary artery rings. Additional experiments with PBN indicated that vasorelaxation could not be attributed to production of endothelial derived factors, prostaglandins, or free radicals. Patch-clamp techniques revealed reversible calcium channel blockade with PBN at a concentration below that needed to detect free radicals. Calcium channel blockade probably accounts for the vasorelaxation observed in the isolated ring preparations described here, and should be considered when using nitrone spin-traps both in in vivo and clinical studies. 相似文献