Preparation of Zinc Titanate Thin Films by Low-Pressure Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Homogeneous thin films of zinc titanate have been successfully prepared on Si(100) wafers by depositing a film of zinc and titanium oxides (ZnO-TiO₂) by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), followed by an annealing treatment. The precursors used for the deposition were diethylzinc (DEZ), tetraisopropoxide titanium (TPT), and water. By performing the deposition at temperatures between 140 and 350C, the stoichiometry of the as-deposited films could be effectively controlled over Zn/Ti ratios between 0.5 and 2.5, which cover the composition of various zinc titanate phases identified in the literature. The as-deposited ZnO-TiO₂ films are amorphous, and possess a fairly smooth surface. XPS and SIMS analysis showed that the composition of these films is uniform over the wafer as well as through the films bulk. An annealing treatment of the as-deposited films at high temperature     

IQC‐synthesis with general dynamic multipliers

Analogously to the existing μ‐synthesis tools, we propose an alternative algorithm for the systematic design of robust controllers based on an iteration of standard nominal controller synthesis and integral quadratic constraint (IQC) analysis with general dynamic multipliers. The suggested algorithm enables us to perform robust controller synthesis for a significantly larger class of uncertainties if compared with the existing methods. Indeed, while the classical approaches are restricted to the use of real/complex time invariant or arbitrarily fast time‐varying parametric uncertainties, the IQC framework also offers, for example, the possibility to efficiently handle sector‐bounded and slope restricted nonlinearities or time‐varying parametric uncertainties and uncertain time‐varying time‐delays, both with bounds on the rate‐of‐variation. Secondly, in contrast to the classical approaches, the proposed techniques completely avoid gridding and curve‐fitting. We present new insights that allow us to reformulate the robust IQC analysis LMIs into a standard quadratic performance problem. This enables us to generate suitable initial conditions for each subsequent iteration step. Depending on the size of the problem, this can significantly speed up the synthesis process. The results are illustrated by means of two numerical examples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Text-line examination for document forgery detection

In this paper, an approach for forgery detection using text-line information is presented. In questioned document examination, text-line rotation and alignment can be important clues for detecting tampered documents. Measuring and detecting such mis-rotations and mis-alignments are a cumbersome task. Therefore, an automated approach for verification of documents based on these two text-line features is proposed in this paper. An in-depth evaluation of the proposed methods shows its usefulness in the context of document security with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) score of AUC=0.89. The automatic nature of the approach allows the presented methods to be used in high-volume environments.     

Using grounded theory as a method for rigorously reviewing literature

This paper offers guidance to conducting a rigorous literature review. We present this in the form of a five-stage process in which we use Grounded Theory as a method. We first probe the guidelines explicated by Webster and Watson, and then we show the added value of Grounded Theory for rigorously analyzing a carefully chosen set of studies; it assures solidly legitimized, in-depth analyses of empirical facts and related insights. This includes, the emergence of new themes, issues and opportunities; interrelationships and dependencies in or beyond a particular area; as well as inconsistencies. If carried out meticulously, reviewing a well-carved out piece of literature by following this guide is likely to lead to more integrated and fruitful theory emergence, something that would enrich many fields in the social sciences.     

Lost in PubMed. Factors influencing the success of medical information retrieval

With the explosion of information available on the Web, finding specific medical information in an efficient way has become a considerable challenge. PubMed/MEDLINE offers an alternative to free-text searching on the web, allowing searchers to do a keyword-based search using Medical Subject Headings. However, finding relevant information within a limited time frame remains a difficult task. The current study is based on an error analysis of data from a retrieval experiment conducted at the nursing departments of two Belgian universities and a British university. We identified the main difficulties in query formulation and relevance judgment and compared the profiles of the best and worst performers in the test.For the analysis, a query collection was built from the queries submitted by our test participants. The queries in this collection are all aimed at finding the same specific information in PubMed, which allowed us to identify what exactly went wrong in the query formulation step. Another crucial aspect for efficient information retrieval is relevance judgment. Differences between potential and actual recall of each query offered indications of the extent to which participants overlooked relevant citations.The test participants were divided into “worst”, “average” and “best” performers based on the number of relevant citations they selected: zero, one or two and three or more, respectively. We tried to find out what the differences in background and in search behavior were between these three groups.     

哥本哈根清洁设施办公中心

Polyform建筑事务所2006年由Jonas Sang-berg和Thomas Kock在丹麦合伙成立建筑师:Polyform建筑事务所,Karres En Brands景观设计事务所项目地点:丹麦,根本哈根项目时间:2009年-2011年项目规模:办公室及停车场总面积:1,000平方米摄影:Joost de Natris,Ty Stange Architects:Polyform architects,Karres En Brands     

High performance fiber reinforced concrete: progress in knowledge and design codes

High performance fiber reinforced concrete is developing quickly to a modern structural material with a high potential. As for instance testified by the recent symposium on HPFRC in Kassel, Germany (April 2008) the number of structural applications increases. At this moment studies are carried out with the aim to come to an international recommendation for the design of structures with HPFRC. Research projects are being carried out in order to supply missing information in relevant areas. Some examples of recent research at TU Delft are given. For the preparation of an internationally acceptable design recommendation for HPFRC a number of principles should be respected. The code should as much as possible be in harmony with the code for conventional fiber concrete. Moreover it should be consistent with existing design recommendations for structural concrete. Second thoughts on the introduction of such a new code are given.     

完美需要一点点坚持

"is still designing……"(设计中……)每当Joost van Bleiwijk在MSN上线的时候,都能看到他这段闪烁的签名。荷兰与这里时差7个小时,你却几乎总能在线上找到他,他很忙,工作起来几乎夜以继日。     

荷兰古典庭院式住宅

著名古典庭院式DeBakenesserkamer住宅建成于1395年，它位于荷兰的Haarlem市中心，紧邻这个庭院新落成了荷兰当前最现代化的庭院——Hofje。基于这个古老的住宅概念．一个新颖设计被引进来．以创造21世纪的标志性庭院hoqe。这是由老庭院的管理者们与住房协会Woonmaatschappij Haarlem共同发起，并由HenkD611与来自Haarlem卡通漫画家Joost Swarte合作完成了建筑设计。他们曾在2003年一起研究并设计了实验剧场Toneelschuur．这次他们继续非凡的合作来设计Johannes Enschede Hof现代古典庭院住宅。     

Effects of smoking bans on passive smoking exposure at work and at home. The European Community respiratory health survey

This longitudinal study investigated whether smoking bans influence passive smoking at work and/or at home in the same subjects. Passive smoking at work and/or at home was investigated in random population samples (European Community Respiratory Health Survey) in 1990‐1995, with follow‐up interviews in 1998‐2003 and 2010‐2014. National smoking bans were classified as partial (restricted to public workplaces) or global (extended to private workplaces). Multivariable analysis was accomplished by three‐level logistic regression models, where level‐1, level‐2, and level‐3 units were, respectively, questionnaire responses, subjects, and centers. Passive smoking at work was reported by 31.9% in 1990‐1995, 17.5% in 1998‐2003, and 2.5% in 2010‐2014. Concurrently, passive smoking at home decreased from 28.9% to 18.2% and 8.8%. When controlling for sex, age, education, smoking status, and ECHRS wave, the odds of passive smoking at work was markedly reduced after global smoking bans (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.25‐0.81), particularly among non‐smokers, while the protective effect of global smoking bans on passive smoking at home was only detected in non‐smokers. Smoking bans both in public and private workplaces were effective in reducing passive smoking at work in Europe. However, given the inefficacy of smoking bans in current smokers’ dwellings, better strategies are needed to avoid smoking indoors.