Combined application of Product Lifecycle and Software Configuration Management systems for ITER remote handling

The advantages of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems are widely understood among the industry and hence a PLM system is already in use by International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Organization (IO). However, with the increasing involvement of software in the development, the role of Software Configuration Management (SCM) systems have become equally important. The SCM systems can be useful to meet the higher demands on Safety Engineering (SE), Quality Assurance (QA), Validation and Verification (V&V) and Requirements Management (RM) of the developed software tools. In an experimental environment, such as ITER, the new remote handling requirements emerge frequently. This means the development of new tools or the modification of existing tools and the development of new remote handling procedures or the modification of existing remote handling procedures. PLM and SCM systems together can be of great advantage in the development and maintenance of such remote handling system. In this paper, we discuss how PLM and SCM systems can be integrated together and play their role during the development and maintenance of ITER remote handling system. We discuss the possibility to investigate such setup at DTP2 (Divertor Test Platform 2), which is the full scale mock-up facility to verify the ITER divertor remote handling and maintenance concepts.     

Retrieval of water quality from airborne imaging spectrometry of various lake types in different seasons

The suitability of the AISA airborne imaging spectrometer for monitoring lake water quality was tested in four surveys carried out in southern Finland in 1996-1998. Altogether, 11 lakes were surveyed and the total number of stations with concurrent remote sensing and limnological measurements was 127. The ranges of the water quality variables were: the sum of chlorophyll a and phaeophytin a 1-100 microg l(-1), turbidity 0.4-26 FNU, total suspended solids 0.7-32 mg l(-1), absorption coefficient of aquatic humus at 400 nm 1.2-14 m(-1) and secchi disc transparency 0.4-7 m. For the retrieval analyses, 24 AISA channels in the 450-786 nm range with a channel width of 6-14 nm were used. The agreement between estimated and observed water quality variables was generally good and R2 for the best algorithms was in the range of 0.72-0.90 over the whole dataset. The channels used for May were, in most cases, the same as those for August, but the empirical parameters of the algorithms were different. After seasonal grouping, R2 varied from 0.84 to 0.95. The use of apparent reflectance instead of radiance improved the estimation of water quality in the case of total suspended solids and turbidity. In the most humic lake, the empirical algorithms tested were suitable only for the interpretation of total suspended solids and turbidity.     

Dual Antenna Receivers for High Data Rate Terminals

In this paper, dual antenna receiver architectures are studied including RAKE, chip-level linear equalizer, and their combination. The arithmetic complexity of single and dual antenna receiver methods is analyzed. Cost of such receivers when implemented with customized hardware or software on application-specific instruction set processors (ASIP) is estimated. The study shows that feasible dual antenna detection can be obtained with less than 70% additional costs. More flexible implementation supporting several standards can be obtained with software but it requires higher power consumption due to additional memory.     

Variation in Birch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Betula pendula</Emphasis>) Shoot Secondary Chemistry due to Genotype,Environment, and Ontogeny

Plant secondary chemistry is determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and large intraspecific variation in secondary chemistry has frequently been reported. The heritability of specific tree secondary metabolites is, however, mostly unknown. We tested the effect of plant genotype, environment, and ontogeny on the variation in shoot secondary chemistry of juvenile and mature European white birches (Betula pendula). Phenolic compounds and triterpenoids were analyzed in 30 naturally regenerated 20-year-old parental trees and micropropagated plantlets that originated from 14 of those same parental trees, planted at four growing sites. Most of the variation for phenolic compounds was explained by differences between parental trees, whereas triterpenoids had a high variation both between parental trees and within the canopy of individual tree. The effect of ontogeny was strong for some individual compounds. In mature trees, the amount of triterpenoids was less than 1 mg/g (DW), whereas the concentration in juvenile plantlets was up to 64 mg/g (DW). Clonal plantlets and parental trees were generally quite similar in their phenolic contents, but there were significant differences for all analyzed compounds among clones. Environment had no significant effect on the accumulation of some compounds, whereas for others, a significant environmental effect and/or significant genotype by environment interaction was found. These results suggest that birch shoot secondary chemistry is under strong genetic control and that the environmental effects depend on the studied chemical trait.     

Tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine-egg yolk agar membrane filter method for the detection of Clostridium perfringens in water

A report on the use of the tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine-egg yolk agar membrane filter method for the detection of Clostridium perfringens in natural and artificial water samples is given. The method, which was compared with a tube colony count method, proved to be reliable and simple for practical use.     

BelBaieV夹网成形器

BelBaieV继承了Beloit BelBaiell和BelBaieⅢ型夹网成形器成纸匀度良好的特征,可提高脱水能力,减少两面差,并提高纸机潜在的工作车速,从而提高纸机的生产能力.本文介绍了BelBaieV成形器的结构特征、优点、使用效果等.     

Oligonucleotide array-in-well platform for detection and genotyping human adenoviruses by utilizing upconverting phosphor label technology

We have developed a robust array-in-well test platform based on an oligonucleotide array, combining advantages of simple instrumentation and new upconverting phosphor reporter technology. Upconverting inorganic lanthanide phosphors have a unique property of photoluminescence emission at visible wavelengths under near-infrared excitation. No autofluorescence is produced from the sample or support material, enabling a highly sensitive assay. In this study, the assay is performed in standard 96-well microtiter plates, making the technique easily adaptable to high-throughput analysis. The oligonucleotide array-in-well assay is employed to detect a selection of ten common adenovirus genotypes causing human infections. The study provides a demonstration of the advantages and potential of the upconverting phosphor-based reporter technology in multianalyte assays and anti-Stokes photoluminescence detection with an anti-Stokes photoluminescence imaging device.     

Effect of lubricant on the formation of heavy-duty diesel exhaust nanoparticles

The effect of lubricants on nanoparticle formation in heavy-duty diesel exhaust with and without a continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) is studied. A partial flow sampling system with a particle size distribution measurement starting from 3 nm, approximately, is used. Tests are conducted using four different lubricant formulations, a very low sulfur content fuel, and four steady-state driving modes. A well-documented test procedure was followed for each test. Two different kinds of nanoparticle formation were observed, and both were found to be affected bythe lubricant but in differentway. Without CRDPF, nanoparticles were observed at low loads. No correlation between lubricant sulfur and these nanoparticles was found. These nanoparticles are suggested to form mainly from hydrocarbons. With CRDPF, installed nanoparticles were formed only at high load. The formation correlated positively with the lubricant (and fuel) sulfur level, suggesting that sulfuric compounds are the main nucleating species in this situation. Storage effects of CRDPF had an effect on nanoparticle concentration as the emissions of nanoparticles decreased over time.     

Low-temperature aerosol flow reactor method for preparation of surface stabilized pharmaceutical nanocarriers

Nanoparticles can be used to improve the delivery of many drugs, especially peptides and proteins. Although several methods are available for polymeric nanoparticle preparation, there are few single-stage processes that produce dry, solid nanoparticles that can be easily re-dispersed in pharmaceutical vehicles. The aerosol flow reactor method is a single-stage process that has been used for the preparation of multicomponent, coated nanoparticles under uniform temperature and gas flow field. However, it is traditionally used with high synthesis temperatures. In the present study, the aerosol flow reactor method was further optimized for processing and surface stabilization of pharmaceutical nanoparticles containing temperature sensitive biomolecules. In the developed method, drug-loaded carrier nanoparticles consisting of a biodegradable polymer (Eudragit L100) and a drug (phenylephrine hydrochloride) were first produced by aerosol droplet drying and subsequently coated in the gas phase. The carrier particles were coated with l-leucine in order to inhibit agglomeration of the nanoparticles in solutions before administration. In the coating process, a side stream of l-leucine vapor was directed into the main aerosol flow containing the drug-loaded carriers. The mixing with the main flow at ambient temperature induced a supersaturation of l-leucine vapor and condensation on the carrier particles. The results demonstrate that solid, hydrodynamically stable drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles can be produced with a thin l-leucine coating. The low process temperature enables the surface engineering of particles loaded with temperature sensitive drugs or bioactive materials to be utilized for drug delivery purposes.