长方体建筑长宽比对屋顶风力机微观选址的影响

采用CFD方法,对长宽比分别为0.25、0.30、0.40、0.50、0.60、0.70、0.80、0.90的8种长方体单体高层建筑物顶面的风流场特征进行模拟计算,确定长宽比对长方体建筑物顶面风力机微观选址的影响.结果表明:长宽比越大,建筑顶面低风速区域越大,且风速随高度增长得越慢,而迎风面拐点风速恢复最快;同时由于建...     

粗生物柴油真空精馏脱硫研究

针对采用废油脂为原料转化制备的生物柴油会含有一定量的硫化物的问题,采用真空精馏法脱除生物柴油中的硫化物,并对硫化物附存形态进行分析。结果表明：生物柴油中硫化物主要包括低沸点的硫化氢、硫醇、硫醚、硫胺素等,以及高沸点的苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩等。采用控制精馏脱硫塔塔顶温度150 ℃、操作绝对压力300~500 Pa、回流比1的条件下,先对生物柴油中低沸点硫化物进行脱除,再将塔顶温度升至210 ℃,将中间馏分（生物柴油）从塔顶精馏出来,高沸点重馏分（生物重油、高沸点硫化物）留在塔釜底部,两步精馏切割法能将达标的生物柴油与其他馏分分离开来,可有效降低生物柴油的硫含量,脱硫率达97%,满足最新国Ⅵ柴油排放标准（GB 17930—2016）的硫含量≤10 mg/kg要求,且硫含量达标的生物柴油得率达到85%以上。     

乳液聚合法制备石蜡基相变储能材料及热物性研究

将石蜡真空浸渍于膨胀蛭石中,以其共同作为内相,丙烯酰胺水溶液作为外相,制得水包油乳液,引发剂使外相聚合,得到形状稳定的复合相变储热颗粒。测试结果表明：乳化剂和膨胀蛭石分别为石蜡质量的6%和2%时,熔融焓数值为128.79 J/g,石蜡的包覆率为72.80%;复合颗粒的形状是表面规整的球体,颗粒大小均匀;经过100次循环后,熔融焓只降低2.18%;复合颗粒在470 ℃以下有较好的热稳定性。膨胀蛭石与聚丙烯酰胺对石蜡的二次封装可有效提高复合体系防泄露能力,具有可靠的储能和温度调节性能。     

Experimental study on prediction model of wet gas pressure drop across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes in the low gas phase Froude number region

The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates. However, this pressure drop prediction is still not clearly determined when the upstream is in an intermittent flow or stratified flow, which is corresponding to a region of low Fr_G (gas phase Froude number) in the flow pattern map of wet gases. In this study, the wet gas pressure drop across a single-orifice plate was experimentally investigated in the low Fr_G region. By the experiment, the flow pattern transition in the downstream of single-orifice plates, as well as the effects of Fr_G and Fr_L (liquid phase Froude number) on Φ_G (gas phase multiplier), were determined and compared when the upstream is in the flow pattern transition and the stratified flow region, respectively. Prediction performances were examined on the available pressure drop models. It was found that no model could be capable of jointly predicting the wet gas pressure drop in the low Fr_G region with an acceptable accuracy. With a new method of correlating Fr_G and Fr_L simultaneously, new correlations were proposed for the low Fr_G region. Among which the modified Chisholm model shows the best prediction accuracies, with the prediction deviations of Φ_G being within 7% and 3% when the upstream is in flow pattern transition and stratified flow region, respectively.     

Expression Patterns of Sugar Transporter Genes in the Allocation of Assimilates and Abiotic Stress in Lily

During the growth cycle of lilies, assimilates undergo a process of accumulation, consumption and reaccumulation in bulbs and are transported and allocated between aboveground and underground organs and tissues. The sink–source relationship changes with the allocation of assimilates, affecting the vegetative growth and morphological establishment of lilies. In this study, the carbohydrate contents in different tissues of five critical stages during lily development were measured to observe the assimilates allocation. The results showed bulbs acted as the main source to provide energy before the budding stage (S3); after the flowering stage (S4), bulbs began to accumulate assimilates as a sink organ again. During the period when the plant height was 30cm with leaf-spread (S2), leaves mainly accumulated assimilates from bulbs through the symplastic pathway, while when leaves were fully expanded, it transformed to export carbohydrates. At the S4 stage, flowers became a new active sink with assimilates influx. To further understand the allocation of assimilates, 16 genes related to sugar transport and metabolism (ST genes) were identified and categorized into different subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis, and their protein physicochemical properties were also predicted. Tissue-specific analysis showed that most of the genes were highly expressed in stems and petals, and it was mainly the MST (monosaccharide transporter) genes that were obviously expressed in petals during the S4 stage, suggesting that they may be associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates in flowers and thus affect flower development process. LoSWEET14 (the Sugar will eventually be exported transporters) was significantly correlated with starch in scales and with soluble sugar in leaves. Sugar transporters LoHXT6 and LoSUT1 were significantly correlated with soluble sugar and sucrose in leaves, suggesting that these genes may play key roles in the accumulation and transportation of assimilates in lilies. In addition, we analyzed the expression patterns of ST genes under different abiotic stresses, and the results showed that all genes were significantly upregulated. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on molecular mechanism of sink–source change and response to abiotic stresses in lilies.     

一维两相同向渗吸模型的求解方法

渗吸作用是裂缝性储层提高原油采收率的重要机理,润湿相在毛细管力、重力的作用下进入储层基质,通过同向或逆向渗吸作用置换基质内的非润湿相。基于渗吸模型的局限性,文中推导了一维两相同向渗吸模型的通式,在相对渗透率曲线和毛细管压力曲线简化的基础上进行无因次化处理,并采用差分法进行了求解,获得了饱和度前缘移动曲线。采用COMSOL软件,对上述模型进行结果验证,并与逆向渗吸模型进行了对比。结果表明:COMSOL求解结果与文中求解结果近似,同向渗吸模型饱和度前缘推进速度比逆向渗吸更快,同向渗吸效率更高,采出原油更多。在裂缝性储层、常规甚至致密储层中,如果采用体积改造,密集切割储层基质,形成裂缝网络,则可发挥同向渗吸作用,提高原油采出程度。     

CO2驱气溶性降混剂提高采收率机理实验

针对CO2驱气溶性降混剂降低混相压力、提高采收率机理认识不清的问题,综合利用室内实验、数值模拟和权重分析法,通过分析原油组分、原油黏度、油气界面张力、原油相态特征的变化,明确了气溶性降混剂的降混机理.实验结果表明:注入体积分数为3％和20％的气溶性降混剂后,原油重质组分含量分别减少25.07％和48.21％,平均原油黏...     

多源融合SLAM的现状与挑战

同时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)技术在过去几十年中取得了惊人的进步,并在现实生活中实现了大规模的应用。由于精度和鲁棒性的不足,以及场景的复杂性,使用单一传感器(如相机、激光雷达)的SLAM系统往往无法适应目标需求,故研究者们逐步探索并改进多源融合的SLAM解决方案。本文从3个层面回顾总结该领域的现有方法:1)多传感器融合(由两种及以上传感器组成的混合系统,如相机、激光雷达和惯性测量单元,可分为松耦合、紧耦合);2)多特征基元融合(点、线、面、其他高维几何特征等与直接法相结合);3)多维度信息融合(几何、语义、物理信息和深度神经网络的推理信息等相融合)。惯性测量单元和视觉、激光雷达的融合可以解决视觉里程计的漂移和尺度丢失问题,提高系统在非结构化或退化场景中的鲁棒性。此外,不同几何特征基元的融合,可以大大减少有效约束的程度,并可为自主导航任务提供更多的有用信息。另外,数据驱动下的基于深度学习的策略为SLAM系统开辟了新的道路。监督学习、无监督学习和混合监督学习等逐渐应用于SLAM系统的各个模块,如相对姿势估计、地图表...     

单幅人脸图像的全景纹理图生成方法

目的针对从单幅人脸图像中恢复面部纹理图时获得的信息不完整、纹理细节不够真实等问题,提出一种基于生成对抗网络的人脸全景纹理图生成方法。方法将2维人脸图像与3维人脸模型之间的特征关系转换为编码器中的条件参数,从图像数据与人脸条件参数的多元高斯分布中得到隐层数据的概率分布,用于在生成器中学习人物的头面部纹理特征。在新创建的人脸纹理图数据集上训练一个全景纹理图生成模型,利用不同属性的鉴别器对输出结果进行评估反馈,提升生成纹理图的完整性和真实性。结果实验与当前最新方法进行了比较,在Celeb A-HQ和LFW(labled faces in the wild)数据集中随机选取单幅正面人脸测试图像,经生成结果的可视化对比及3维映射显示效果对比,纹理图的完整度和显示效果均优于其他方法。通过全局和面部区域的像素量化指标进行数据比较,相比于UVGAN,全局峰值信噪比(peak signal to noise ratio,PSNR)和全局结构相似性(structural similarity index,SSIM)分别提高了7.9 d B和0.088,局部PSNR和局部SSIM分别提高了2.8 d B和0...     

着装场景下双分支网络的人体姿态估计

目的 人体姿态估计旨在识别和定位不同场景图像中的人体关节点并优化关节点定位精度。针对由于服装款式多样、背景干扰和着装姿态多变导致人体姿态估计精度较低的问题,本文以着装场景下时尚街拍图像为例,提出一种着装场景下双分支网络的人体姿态估计方法。方法 对输入图像进行人体检测,得到着装人体区域并分别输入姿态表示分支和着装部位分割分支。姿态表示分支通过在堆叠沙漏网络基础上增加多尺度损失和特征融合输出关节点得分图,解决服装款式多样以及复杂背景对关节点特征提取干扰问题,并基于姿态聚类定义姿态类别损失函数,解决着装姿态视角多变问题;着装部位分割分支通过连接残差网络的浅层特征与深层特征进行特征融合得到着装部位得分图。然后使用着装部位分割结果约束人体关节点定位,解决服装对关节点遮挡问题。最后通过姿态优化得到最终的人体姿态估计结果。结果 在构建的着装图像数据集上验证了本文方法。实验结果表明,姿态表示分支有效提高了人体关节点定位准确率,着装部位分割分支能有效避免着装场景中人体关节点误定位。在结合着装部位分割优化后,人体姿态估计精度提高至92.5%。结论 本文提出的人体姿态估计方法能够有效提高着装场景下的人体姿态...