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991.
Anders?Falk?VikbjergEmail author Lifeng?Peng Huiling?Mu Xuebing?Xu 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2005,82(4):237-242
The possibilities of producing structured phospholipids between soybean phospholipids and caprylic acid by lipase-catalyzed
acidolysis were examined in continuous packedbed enzyme reactors. Acidolysis reactions were performed in both a solvent system
and a solvent-free system with the commercially immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa (Lipozyme TL IM) as catalyst. In the packed bed reactors, different parameters for the lipase-catalyzed acidolysis were elucidated,
such as solvent ratio (solvent system), temperature, substrate ratio, residence time, water content, and operation stability.
The water content was observed to be very crucial for the acidolysis reaction in packed bed reactors. If no water was added
to the substrate during reactions under the solvent-free system, very low incorporation corporation of caprylic acid was observed.
In both solvent and solvent-free systems, acyl incorporation was favored by a high substrate ratio between acyl donor and
phospholipids, a longer residence time, and a higher reaction temperature. Under certain conditions, the incorporation of
around 30% caprylic acid can be obtained in continuous operation with hexane as the solvent.
Presented at the 95th American Oil Chemists' Society Annual Meeting and Expo in Cincinnati, Ohio, May 10, 2004. 相似文献
992.
Raúl Quijada Juan Luis Guevara Mehrdad Yazdani-Pedram Griselda B. Galland Daniel Ribeiro 《Polymer Bulletin》2002,49(4):273-280
Summary
1-Octadecene (C18) was polymerized by using different metallocene catalysts. The rac-Et(Ind)2ZrC12/MAO (I) and rac-Me2Si(Ind)2ZrC12/MAO (III) presented the highest activity as compared with ra-Et(2-Me-Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO (II) and Ph2C(Flu)(Cp)ZrC12/MAO (IV) catalysts. Catalyst IV produced polymers with highest molecular weights. The microstructure of the polymers was
determined by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Catalyst systems I, II and III produced isotactic polymers while catalyst IV produced polymers with mainly
syndiotactic structures but with large amount of stereoregular error.
Received: 21 June 2002/Revised version: 4 November 2002/ Accepted: 4 November 2002 相似文献
993.
994.
The reversal of humic matter-induced inhibition of callus growth and metabolism by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in Pinus laricio. Two forest humic fractions (relative molecular mass (Mr) > 3500), derived from soil under Fagus sylvatica (Fs) and Abies alba (Aa) plantation, were used. Pinus laricio callus was grown for a subculture period (4 weeks) on Basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium plus forest humic matters (Fs or Aa), at a concentration of 1 mg C/l, and then was transferred, for an additional four weeks, to a MS medium culture without humic matter, but with different hormones: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 2 mg/1) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0.5 mg/1) and/or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.25 mg/1). Growth of calluse, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and activities of soluble and bound invertases, glucokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, aldolase, and pyruvate kinase were monitored. The results show a negative effect of humic fractions on callus growth, due to decreased utilization of glucose and fructose, and decreased activities of glycolytic enzymes. The effects are reversible. Substitution of humic fractions with 2,4-D+BAP or 2,4-D is followed by an increase of glycolytic enzyme activities and, consequently, by the utilization of glucose and fructose that induces a restart of growth. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of humic fractions persist when they are substituted with BAP alone, indicating that only the auxin 2,4-D is capable of reversing the negative effects. A possible competitive action on the auxin-binding site between 2,4-D and the chemical structures in the forest humic fractions is suggested. 相似文献
995.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems methyl butanoate/ethanol and methyl butanoate/propan-l-ol at pressures of 114.66 and 127.99 kPa are presented. Both mixtures yield an azeotrope, the compositions (ester) of which decrease quasi-linearly as the pressure increases. The experimental data for all the binary mixtures were fitted to a suitable equation and then used for comparison with predictions by ASOG and UNIFAC methods. These group contribution models give a good estimation of activity coefficients with an overall mean error less than 5% for all cases. 相似文献
996.
锌-锰合金镀层磷化工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为进一步提高Zn-M n合金镀层的抗蚀性,采用锌锰系磷化处理Zn-M n合金镀层,研究表明在相同镀层厚度下,Zn-M n合金镀层抗蚀能力是镀锌层的5倍,经磷化后的Zn-M n合金镀层的抗蚀能力是镀锌层的7~8倍。实验结果表明,Zn-M n合金镀层经锌锰系磷化后抗蚀性明显提高。 相似文献
997.
New temperature sensitive AB, ABA, and BAB amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) and hydrophobic poly(ethyl glycidyl carbamate) blocks were synthesized by anionic polymerization followed by chemical modification reactions. The self-association of the block copolymers in aqueous media was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and dynamic and static light scattering. The obtained block copolymers spontaneously form micelles in aqueous media. The critical micellization concentration varied from 0.5 to 4 g/L depending on the copolymer architecture and composition. The influence of the temperature upon the self-association of the block copolymers was investigated. The increase of temperature did not affect the value of the critical micellization concentration, but led to the formation of better defined micelles with narrow size distribution. 相似文献
998.
Effect of sodium monofluorophosphate treatment on microstructure and frost salt scaling durability of slag cement paste 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sodium-monofluorophosphate (Na-MFP) is currently in use as a surface applied corrosion inhibitor in the concrete industry. Its basic mechanism is to protect the passive layer of the reinforcement steel against disruption due to carbonation. Carbonation is known as the most detrimental environmental effect on blast furnace slag cement (BFSC) concrete with respect to frost salt scaling. In this paper the effect of Na-MFP on the microstructure and frost salt scaling resistance of carbonated BFSC paste is presented. The results of electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are discussed. It is found that the treatment modifies the microstructure and improves the resistance of carbonated BFSC paste against frost salt attack. 相似文献
999.
Hong?Qian Lixiong?Zhang Nanping?XuEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2003,20(2):359-364
A novel photocatalytic deposition method for the preparation of a thin tubular palladium membrane is presented in this paper.
The membrane is prepared on a porous asymmetric TiO2 support by photocatalytic reaction of palladium ion, followed by electroless plating. Gas permeation results show that the
membrane exhibits increased hydrogen permeance with the increase of temperature. The hydrogen permeance and selectivity to
nitrogen at 773 K are about 1.43×l0−6 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and 17, respectively, when the pressure in the feed side is 0.1 MPa. The activation energy of hydrogen permeation is 11.06
kJ/mol at the temperature range of 573–773 K. 相似文献
1000.
Rakesh?Kumar?MahajanEmail author Inderpreet?Kaur Mandeep?Singh?Bakshi 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2004,7(2):131-134
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrodes to determine monomer concentrations of tetradecyltrimethylammonium ion (TTA+) and hexadecylpyridinium ion (HPy+) based on neutral ion-pair carrier complexes of tetradecyltrimethylammonium dodecyl sulfate (TTA+-DS−) and hexadecylpyridinium dodecyl sulfate (HPy+-DS−), respectively, are reported here. The electrodes exhibit a Nernstian slope of 59 mV per decade for TTA+ and a sub-Nernstian slope of 34.5 mV per decade for HPy+ ions. The TTA+ ion-selective electrode (ISE) and the HPy+-ISE can determine the monomer units down to concentrations as low as 4.0×10−4M and 1.66×10−5 M, respectively. The effect of various additives, such as the anionic polyelectrolyte sodium dextran sulfate and macrocyclic
β-cyclodextrin, on the surface activity exhibited by the cationic surfactants TTA+-DS− and HPy+-DS−, in the presence of background concentrations of NaCl was also examined with surfactant-selective sensors. The Gibbs free
energy of micelle formation (ΔG
m
) of both surfactants in the presence of various additives was calculated and found to be less favorable with respect to an
increase in the amount of additives due to less availability of cationic surfactant monomer units. The ion-pair complexes
TTA+-DS− and HPy+-DS− were found to behave as selective carrier compounds in PVC membranes in determining the concentration of monomer units of
both TTA+ and HPy+, respectively. The proposed sensors worked well at a fairly acidic pH of 1–6.5 with response time of 60 s. The sensors responded
well to the surfactant ions even in the presence of additives at lower concentration. The lifetime of the sensors is 3 mon. 相似文献