Deep learning–based automatic bird identification system for offshore wind farms

Practical deterrent methods are needed to prevent collisions between birds and wind turbine blades for offshore wind farms. It is improbable that a single deterrent method would work for all bird species in a given area. An automatic bird identification system is required in order to develop bird species–level deterrent methods. This system is the first and necessary part of the entirety that is eventually able to automatically monitor bird movements, identify bird species, and launch deterrent measures. A prototype system has been built on Finnish west coast. In the proposed system, a separate radar system detects birds and provides WGS84 coordinates to a steering system of a camera. The steering system consists of a motorized video head and our software to control it. The steering system tracks flying birds in order to capture series of images by a digital single‐lens reflex camera. Classification is based on these images, and it is implemented by convolutional neural network trained with a deep learning algorithm. We applied to the images our data augmentation method in which images are rotated and converted into different color temperatures. The results indicate that the proposed system has good performance to identify bird species in the test area. Aiming accuracy for the video head was 88.91 %. Image classification performance as true positive rate was 0.8688.     

Exposure to glycols and their renal effects in motor servicing workers

Ten car mechanics frequently exposed to glycol-based cooling liquids were followed during a workshift. Airborne ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations in the car mechanics' environment were measured. The car mechanics gave urine samples after the workshift and their excretion of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, oxalic acid, calcium and ammonia was analysed and compared to that of unexposed office workers. Urinary succinate dehydrogenase activity and glycosaminoglycans were also measured in both groups. Airborne ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations in the car mechanics' environment were negligible. Urinary ethylene glycol excretion in exposed workers was significantly higher than that in unexposed workers, but propylene glycol excretion was at the same levels as in controls. In the exposed group, the excretion of the end metabolite of ethylene glycol, oxalic acid (47 +/- 11 mmol/mol creatinine, mean +/- SD, n = 10) differed slightly from that of controls (36 +/- 14 mmol/mol creatinine, mean +/- SD, n = 10). Urinary excretion of ammonia was higher among exposed workers than office workers. The excretion of calcium did not differ from that of controls. A marginally decreased urinary succinate dehydrogenase activity was found in the exposed men. The excretion of glycosaminoglycans was significantly lower in exposed workers. Therefore, it seems that ethylene glycol is absorbed by skin contact. The internal body burden is associated with oxaluria and increased ammoniagenesis typical of chronic acidosis.     

Measurement and evaluation of wood fuel

Measurement of fuelwood is done by volume or weight scaling. Evaluation determines quality in terms of moisture content, density, heating value, chemical properties and impurities. Both measurement and evaluation involve sampling. The report surveys the existing measurement and evaluation methods, sampling for moisture content, heating values and other fuel properties including nonwood materials.     

Characterization of etching procedure in preparation of CdTe solar cells

An etching procedure for forming a low resistance contact to polycrystalline CdTe thin films in CdS/CdTe solar cells was studied. The etching solution used was a mixture of HNO₃, H₃PO₄ and H₂O. X-ray diffraction (XRD), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and electric measurements revealed that the etching results in a formation of crystalline tellurium on the film surface, thereby increasing substantially the conductivity of the surface layer. The total process was found to consist of three steps: (i) immediately after an immersion into the etching solution there was a certain induction period with no discernible changes, (ii) a subsequent reaction step during which poorly crystallized elemental tellurium was formed, gaseous byproducts liberated and the surface changed its colour, and (iii) after taking out of the etching solution the tellurium crystallized causing a strong decrease in the sheet resistance. In situ XRD and electric measurements were carried out to follow the third step. The chemical aspects of the three steps as well as their contributions to the reproducibility and control of the overall etching procedure have been considered.     

On DOL systems with immigration

We study DOL systems with immigration. We show that sequence and growth equivalence are decidable. We establish regularity and decidability results concerning degrees of ambiguity. As a consequence of results about subword complexity, we show that regularity and ω-regularity are decidable for languages generated by growing systems.     

Strategic Vision on Convergence of Wired and Wireless Networks

In this paper we provide an overview of how convergence will play an important role in future generation networks. We discuss how the technology today will eventually converge towards an all-IP based platform, while the commonly used layered software structure, will eventually merge into a layer less structure within wireless communication. Furthermore we discuss some of the important aspects in personalisation of future network paradigms with focus on how networks and network services will be able to sense the user's environment and adapt to this. Finally we discuss one of the most important aspect, namely security and privacy issues within future generation networks.     

Improvement of UV-moulding accuracy by heat and solvent assisted process

A micro-optics replication process with UV-curable liquid pre-polymers is considered. Filling of the master structure is improved by controlling the viscosity of the pre-polymer by heat during the process. A novel process step, solvent-assisted filling, is introduced to avoid the harmful effect of the residual trapped air; a pyramidal retro-reflector structure with the face width of 400 μm is used as an example. Complete filling can be achieved without vacuum assisted replication or without application of compression force in the mould. Material studies showed no signs of chemical changes, solvent inclusion in the replicated structure, or a change of the optical properties of the material during the process. The replication fidelity is compared with conventional UV-moulding and commercial UV-NIL replication. The new heat and solvent assisted replication technique allows the use of high-viscosity pre-polymers with suitable material properties if the process temperature window is optimized.     

Integral equation formulation for scatter density problem

Integral equation formulation for the problem of finding a circularly symmetric scatter density (SD) around the mobile is deduced, and the SD is computed assuming that the distribution of angle-of-arrival (AoA) in the base station is known. The corresponding integral equation is solved by using the spline collocation method. Thus, instead of fitting a priori selected SD to estimated AoA distribution, the SD is solved based on AoA characteristics.     

具有多域自适应电压调节功能的下一代SoC电源管理

转换效率和调节质量这两方面的要求推动着电源管理从最初的LDO发展到今天效率超过90%的高精度、多模式DC/DC转换器.由于稳压器的效率已经达到了极限,现在的研究已经转向如何优化系统的效率,以满足电池供电和能量限制的便携设备的要求.     

The Equivalence Problem of Polynomially Bounded D0L Systems— a Bound Depending Only on the Size of the Alphabet

Abstract. We give a bound for the sequence equivalence problem of polynomially bounded D0L systems which depends only on the size of the underlying alphabet.