紫外分光光度法测定双酚 AF

碱性条件下,双酚 AF 紫外光谱的吸收峰会发生红移,从225 nm 移至248 nm,据此建立了简单、灵敏、快捷、选择性较好的测定双酚 AF 可见分光光度法,并研究了氨水用量、反应时间、反应温度对吸光度的影响。结果表明：双酚 AF 的最大吸收波长为248 nm,线性范围是0.6～7．2 mg／L,相关系数 r 为0.9998,为检测食品塑料包装中双酚 AF 的残留提供了新的实验方法。     

中俄管道顺序输送技术标准差异分析

评价了国内外成品油管道技术现状和发展趋势。基于中亚、中俄跨国管道迅速发展,国内已开展中国和俄罗斯标准差异研究,但在成品油管道运行领域较少涉及,为此选取了俄罗斯有代表性的成品油管道综合性标准。该标准的先进性主要体现在以下几个方面:油品排列原则更为细化、采用工艺混油缓冲塞和限定控制初始工艺混油以减少混油、规定成品油管道最低允许流速、严格控制混油切割浓度、基于定量计算掺混比例进行混油掺混作业等。最后,针对完善我国成品油管道运行标准提出了建议。     

CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

Algae-to-biodiesel processes are hindered by high costs and low energy return on investment.^1,2. Herein, three foci in research improve algae-to-biodiesel processes by: (1) reducing high installation and energy costs in the CO₂ sequestration, cultivation, and harvesting stages; (2) improving oil extraction and biodiesel generation; and (3) increasing utilization of the proteins in lipid-extracted biomass (e.g., for animal feed), as well as the omega-3 fatty acids for nutraceuticals and food supplements. A process is introduced that uses carbon dioxide to aid in all three of these foci. CO₂ is used first in the form of microbubbles to lyse algae cell walls, releasing triglyceride oils. CO₂ also aids with transesterification of these triglycerides using methanol. At low temperatures (353.15–368.15 K) and intermediate pressures (5–10 MMPa), carbon dioxide causes methanol to dissolve partially in the triglyceride phase and triglyceride to dissolve partially in the methanol phase, increasing the transesterification reaction rate. Due to the nondestructive nature of these processes, other metabolites can also be harvested providing improvements in both mass and economic efficiency with an overall sharp reduction in the modeled price of biodiesel.     

Mechanical nondiscoloring and antistretching photonic crystal films based on Zn2+ coordination and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Mechanical nondiscoloring and antistretching photonic crystal (PC) films, especially those with stable structure colors during deformation, have great potential applications in wearable display devices, decoration, and packaging. Here, PC films with antistretching and invariant structural colors during deformation were prepared, by combining Zn²⁺ coordinated elastic material and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with polystyrene@silica (PS@SiO₂) colloidal crystals. The PC films release energy by forming local fractures at a microscopic level during the straining process but the lattice spacing and effective refractive index of the local array do not change. According to the Bragg law, the structure color remains unchanged. The introduction of HPMC gave the PC films excellent tensile properties, and the maximum tensile strength reached 10 MPa. And after 100 times of stretching, bending and compression cycles, the structural color remained unchanged.     

Characterization of PA-12 specimens fabricated by projection sintering at various sintering parameters

Large area projection sintering (LAPS) promises to be a new method in the field of additive manufacturing. Developed in the Mechanical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, LAPS uses long exposure times over a broad area of powder to fuse into dense, reproducible materials. In contrast, LS, a common powder-based additive manufacturing, uses a focused beam of light scanned quickly over the material. Local regions of concentrated high-energy bursts of light lead to higher peak temperatures and differing cooling dynamics and overall crystallinity. The mechanical properties of laser sintered specimens suffer because of uneven particle fusion. LAPS offers the capacity to fine-tune fusion properties through enhanced thermodynamic control of the heating and cooling profiles for sintering. Further research is required to identify the relationship between LAPS build settings and part properties to enable the fabrication of custom parts with desired properties. This study examines the influence of LAPS sintering parameters on chemical structures, crystallinity, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyamide-12 specimens using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness testing. It was observed that higher crystallinity was imparted to specimens that were sintered for a shorter time and vice versa.     

Relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of polyether block amide foams

The mechanical behaviors of five polyether block amide foams, obtained by mold-opening foam injection process, were investigated with regard to their microstructures. The materials vary in mass ratios of hard versus soft segments, and/or in process packing time. The resulting microstructures have been characterized in terms of cavity size and shape ratios, by analyzing scanning electron microscope images after careful sample preparation. The foam mechanical responses have been characterized in compression at small and large strain. At small strain, the initial linear part of the stress–strain curve is enhanced firstly by the hard segment mass ratio and secondly by the fineness of the microstructure. Similar results have been obtained at large strain. The foam viscoelasticity at large strain has been characterized by stress relaxation and strain recovery tests, relevant for foam applications. Reduced packing time and pressure have been shown to lead to the presence of undesired large cavities. The morphological defects appear to have a negligible impact on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the foams at infinitesimal strain, but lead to critical inconsistency at large strain. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of the tested polyether block amide foams is controlled first by hard versus soft segments ratio, and second by the microstructure fineness.     

溶液除湿系统空气状态影响因素

研究典型叉流式溶液除湿系统中,溶液循环流量（G_cir）、冷/热量（Q_c/Q_h）和系统流程对除湿/再生空气状态变化和除湿效果的影响机制。分析不同工况下空气在焓湿图中的过程曲线特征,比较各因素影响程度。结果表明,在设计条件下,当G_cir约为0.05 kg/s时,溶液除湿系统达到最佳除湿效果;当Q_c、Q_h比例接近,总量由29.4 kW增加至48.9 kW时,系统中除湿量由3.7 g/kg上升至5.7 g/kg;不同流程中,当冷却对象为溶液时,溶液除湿效果较好。相较于溶液除湿系统中G_cir和Q_c/Q_h,溶液除湿流程对空气状态变化和除湿效果的影响程度较大。空气过程曲线在各流程下具有显著特征,溶液除湿流程是影响空气状态变化和除湿效果的核心因素。     

三角转子膨胀机在跨临界CO2制冷循环中的应用分析

在高压比跨临界CO₂制冷循环中,采用膨胀机替代节流元件对提高循环效率有较大的潜力。分析了以三角转子机械作为膨胀机的运行机理,对三角转子膨胀机的工作过程进行计算和分析,并从形状因子、转子型线、进气角度、偏心距和轴距系数入手,讨论了影响三角转子膨胀机的影响因素。在设定情况下,使用三角转子膨胀机可以通过将10 MPa、313.15 K的超临界CO₂膨胀至3.49 MPa、273.69 K,并将制冷系数提高23.7%。形状因子和进气角度是影响膨胀机运行效果的主要因素,需选取适当的参数来提高效率。     

3D MRI of explanted sheep hearts with submillimeter isotropic spatial resolution: comparison between diffusion tensor and structure tensor imaging

Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - The aim of the study is to compare structure tensor imaging (STI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the sheep heart...     

复合材料瓦推力轴承热弹性动力润滑研究

为了解决蓄能机组复合材料瓦面推力轴承的计算问题,根据流体润滑理论,建立了流体动力润滑数学模型,并对某蓄能机组复合材料瓦推力轴承进行热弹性流体动力润滑计算分析.对比PEEK复合材料瓦和钨金瓦推力轴承表明,PEEK复合材料瓦变形小,瓦温低,可以替代钨金瓦推力轴承.研究成果可以应用于相似结构和材料的推力轴承计算分析.复合材料瓦推力轴承可以应用于蓄能机组中.