汽油典型烃分子氧化生胶机理的分子模拟

为深入认识汽油在使用过程中氧化生胶的反应机理,选取汽油中相同碳数的典型烃分子作为模型化合物,采用基于密度泛函理论的量子化学从头计算方法,建立了不同结构的汽油分子通过氧化链式自由基反应生成相对分子质量较大、极性较高的沉积物分子的反应网络。通过对比不同反应路径的反应能垒大小,得出容易氧化生胶的汽油烃分子的结构特点以及贡献生成沉积物的关键控速步骤和关键中间体,从而为抑制该氧化生胶过程提出关键措施。结果表明,汽油分子结构中存在双键α位C-H、叔位C-H或苯基α位C-H时,容易引发链式自由基反应,但能否继续向沉积物的反应方向进行取决于相对分子质量增大后的产物中是否仍然存在双键α位C-H、叔位C-H、苯基α位C-H或者C=O这种使得相邻C-H键变弱的吸电子基团。另外,在氧化生胶反应过程中,氢过氧化物（ROOH）和过氧自由基（ROO·）是最关键的2个中间体,抑制氧化生胶反应的关键在于清除它们。     

Experimental investigation of propagation mechanisms and fracture morphology for coalbed methane reservoirs

Fracture propagation mechanisms in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs are very complex due to the development of the internal cleat system. In this paper, the characteristics of initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures in coal specimens at different angles between the face cleat and the maximum horizontal principal stress were investigated with hydraulic fracturing tests. The results indicate that the interactions between the hydraulic fractures and the cleat system have a major effect on fracture networks. “Step-like” fractures were formed in most experiments due to the existence of discontinuous butt cleats. The hydraulic fractures were more likely to divert or propagate along the butt cleat with an increase in the angles and a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference. An increase in the injection rate and a decrease in the fracturing fluid viscosity were more conducive to fracture networks. In addition, the influence on fracture propagation of the residual coal fines in the wellbore was also studied. The existence of coal fines was an obstacle in fracturing, and no effective connection can be formed between fractures. The experimental investigation revealed the fracture propagation mechanisms and can provide guidance for hydraulic fracturing design of CBM reservoirs.     

Mineral composition and organic geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation source rock from the Qingxi Sag, Jiuquan Basin, Northwest China

The Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation contains the major source rocks for the crude oils discovered in the Qingxi Sag and the South Uplift in the Jiuquan Basin, northwestern China. The Xiagou Formation source rock was formed in a closed, anoxic, reducing, alkaline lacustrine environment with a high salinity. Its high content of brittle minerals is favorable for the fracturing of reservoirs in source rock formations in the Qingxi Sag. The Xiagou Formation contains a great number of fair to excellent source rocks, and their organic matter (OM) came chiefly from plankton/algae and high plants as well as possibly bacterial organisms. The Xiagou Formation source rocks mainly contain Type II OM and some Type III and Type I OM, with good oil-generating potential. The source rock maturity is mainly in the early-mature and mature stages, and its R_o value corresponding to oil peak is about 0.8%, which is lower than classic oil peak Ro value of 1.0%; therefore, a great deal of hydrocarbon was generated before the classic oil peak R_o = 1.0%. Mature source rock in the Xiagou Formation tends to be distributed in the older members and at a greater depth. There is a better exploration potential of tight oil in the deep Qingxi Sag.     

利用偶极横波反射成像技术评价缝洞储层有效性

缝洞型储层有效性评价是深层油气勘探开发中面临的主要难题。对于储层中尺度较小的裂缝和断层,由于地震的分辨能力有限,而常规测井方法探测深度较浅,难以对该类地质特征进行准确评价。单井偶极横波反射成像技术能够有效利用低频横波的传播特点,对井旁20~30m范围内的声反射体进行成像。对偶极横波反射成像技术进行了深入研究,形成了从质量检测到空间反射体三维成像的全套处理流程和软件,提出径向—方位视图和径向—深度视图联合分析、偶极横波反射+微电阻率成像联合解释、井旁缝洞等地质构造产状交互拾取技术。该技术分别在碎屑岩地层和碳酸盐岩地层进行了应用,均取得明显应用效果,有效提升了缝洞型储层有效性评价的精度。     

渤海S油田聚合物驱合理产液指数降幅研究

为研究渤海S油田聚合物驱产液下降规律,进一步改善聚合物驱效果,运用油藏数值模拟技术,结合油藏动态分析,计算了不同条件下油井的合理产液指数降幅,并利用现场数据进行对比验证。结果表明:聚合物驱后油井产液指数下降具有普遍性,并受注聚合物时机、油井位置、周围是否有注水井的影响;注聚合物区块内,无水井干扰的油井合理产液指数降幅为30%~50%,有水井干扰时油井合理产液指数降幅为10%~30%,产液指数降幅位于合理降幅范围内的油井,聚合物驱效果较好。     

管状激光介质的光学性质

针对管状激光介质的热透镜效应,提出“C1判据”和“热感应光线主轴”的观点;推导了二维光线矩阵和热透镜焦距;并指出提高光束质量的主要方法。     

周期性动态热效应光栅的研究

为使激光诱导动态光栅产生在空间上可分辨的高效率衍射光，光栅介质必须足够薄以满足光栅条件，但动态光栅自衍射效率却又随介质厚度的增加而增加，我们提出用相位匹配的周期性薄光栅组可解决这一矛盾，并在实验上用周期性热效应光栅对理论进行了验证。     

Kerr型介质界面上弱非线性TM表面波的传播特性

本文研究Ｋｅｒｒ型介质界面上弱非线性ＴＭ表面波的性质。数值计算表明了沿线性与非线性介质界面传播的ＴＭ表面波的自散焦特性。     

聚腈分子的飞秒时间分辨光克尔效应

本文利用飞秒时间分辩光克尔效应，对主链为Ｃ＝Ｎ结构的两种共轭聚腈高分子的溶液和薄膜进行研究，所测得的时间分辨光克尔信号均表现为超快响应。     

21230视频编解码器

介绍了ＤｉｇｉｔａｌＳｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒ公司的２１２３０视频编解码器芯片的内部结构以及其编解码过程。