Analysis of the intragranular microstructure in ceramic nanocomposites and their effect on the mechanical properties

The formation of intragranular microstructure in Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ and Si₂N₂O/Si₃N₄ nanocomposites was analyzed, and the effect of intragranular microstructure on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites was investigated. Results suggest 3 requisite conditions for the formation of intragranular microstructure and the role of intracrystalline glass phase and scar microstructure. In case of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂, the intragranular microstructure leads to the formation of transgranular fracture, which in turn improves the mechanical properties via strengthening and toughening. On the other hand, in case of Si₃N₄/Si₂N₂O nanocomposites, intragranular microstructure reduces the possibility of bridging, pulling out, and crack deflection, thereby leading to the deterioration of strength and toughness. Based on these results, we can conclude that the formation of intragranular microstructure does not necessarily improve the mechanical properties in all kinds of materials. Rather, the effect of intragranular microstructure on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites is related to the strengthening and toughing mechanism of matrix materials.     

Fabrication of supported Pd–Ir/Al2O3 bimetallic catalysts for 2‐ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation

A series of χ wt % Pd‐(1‐χ) wt % Ir (χ = 0.75, 0.50, and 0.25) catalysts supported on γ‐Al₂O₃ have been prepared by co‐impregnation and calcination‐reduction, and subsequently employed in the hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone—a key step in the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide. Detailed studies showed that the size and structure of the bimetallic Pd–Ir particles vary as a function of Pd/Ir ratio. By virtue of its small metal particle size and the strong interaction between Pd and Ir, the 0.75 wt % Pd–0.25 wt % Ir/Al₂O₃ catalyst afforded the highest yield of H₂O₂, some 25.4% higher than that obtained with the monometallic 1 wt % Pd catalyst. Moreover, the concentration of the undesired byproduct 2‐ethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroanthraquinone (H₄eAQ) formed using the Pd–Ir bimetallic catalysts was much lower than that observed with the pure Pd catalyst, which can be assigned to the geometric and electronic effects caused by the introduction of Ir. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3955–3965, 2017     

超细晶氮化硅陶瓷超塑成形研究

以非晶氮化硅纳米陶瓷粉体为初始材料,以纳米氧化钇和氧化铝为添加剂液相烧结获得超塑性陶瓷块体材料,在成形速率为0.2mm/min,温度为1550℃的条件下,实现氮化硅陶瓷的超塑性成形.对室温和高温断口形貌分析表明氮化硅陶瓷的室温和高温断裂方式均为沿晶断裂,在室温断口上存在大量的细小白色氮化硅颗粒,而高温断口上却几乎不存在这样的颗粒.成形前,烧结体仅有少量的微小缺陷,成形后则以这些烧结缺陷为"核心"形成了大量的"空洞集团".     

Ni(Ⅱ)-Co(Ⅱ)-Fe(Ⅱ)-Fe(Ⅲ)-LDHs层状前驱体制备Ni1-xCoxFe2O4铁氧体及其磁学性能

采用成核/晶化隔离法制备出一系列Ni²⁺-Co²⁺-Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺-SO₄^2--LDHs层状前驱体,焙烧后得到尖晶石型铁氧体Ni_1-xCo_xFe₂O₄。对样品的晶体结构及元素组成进行分析,结果表明,制得的尖晶石型铁氧体Ni_1-xCo_xFe₂O₄ 晶体结构优良, 元素组成可控性强。分别将Ni_1-xCo_xFe₂O₄、NiFe₂O₄和CoFe₂O₄的磁学性能参数的理论混合值和机械混合值随x［x=nCo)∶n(Ni)］的变化情况进行比较,发现Ni_1-xCo_xFe₂O₄的磁学性能并不是简单的NiFe₂O₄和CoFe₂O₄磁学性能的加合,Co和Ni原子之间存在着一定的协同效应,且当x为0.2时,Ni_1-xCo_xFe₂O₄的磁学性能最佳。     

Nonisothermal crystallization of s‐PP fractions

Syndiotactic polypropylene (s‐PP) was prepared by metallocene catalyst and was fractionated with the temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) technique. The nonisothermal behavior of the obtained fractions was investigated. Fractions was first cooled at different rates and then heated at a constant rate. The parameters such as the peak crystallization temperature (T_c), the onset crystallization temperature (T_on), the difference between T_on and T_c (ΔT₁ = T_on − T_c), the crystallization enthalpy (ΔH), the peak melting temperatures (T_m1, T_m2), and the difference between the T_m1 and T_m2 (ΔT₂ = T_m2 − T_m1) were obtained. The dependence of these parameters on cooling rate, syndiotacticity, and molecular weight was discussed. It is found that T_c, T_on, ΔH, T_m1, and T_m2 systematically increase with increasing syndiotacticity and are depressed on increasing the cooling rate. Cooling rate, syndiotacticity, and molecular weight show different influences on ΔT₁. In the melting process of s‐PP, double peaks were observed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 897–901, 1999     

紫外光固化酚醛树脂的制备及在涂附磨具中的应用

本文通过丙稀酸与环氧酚醛树脂开环反应,制备出能紫外光固化的酚醛树脂结合剂,研究了制备该树脂的合适工艺条件为:催化剂N,N-二甲基苯胺的用量为体系总质量的1%,反应温度为80±5℃,反应时间为5~7h;用这种可紫外光固化的酚醛树脂制作的涂附磨具试样,不仅固化速度快,仅需4~5m in即可固化完全,而且磨削比是常规热固化试样的3倍多,使用性能大大提高。     

TC4钛合金高温本构关系的研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对TC4钛合金进行高温热压缩试验,热模拟压缩试验变形条件:温度800～1030℃,应变速率0.001～10 s-1;变形程度60％.结果表明:TC4钛合金在变形开始阶段,流动应力随应变的增加迅速增加,当应变超过一定值后,流动应力开始下降并逐渐趋于稳定,出现稳态流动特征;变形温度、应变速率的减小使TC4钛合金高温变形时的峰值应力显著降低.并通过对数据的回归处理,确定了合金在(α+β)相区地热变形激活能是565.96 kJ/mol,β相区是402.879 kJ/mol.研究发现峰值应力σp、稳态应力σres、峰值应变εp、稳态应变εres等与Z参数之间呈线性关系.     

反胶束萃取氨基酸的研究

综述了反胶束萃取氨基酸的研究进展,包括反胶束萃取氨基酸机理及应用.其机理为:氨基酸以带电离子状态进入反胶束的"水池" 内或微胶团球粒的界面分子膜层内而被分离,氨基酸离子与形成反胶团的表面活性剂离子间的静电作用越强,氨基酸的萃取率越高,水溶液中盐浓度越大,氨基酸萃取率越低.由2-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)阴离子表面活性剂和三辛基甲基氯化铵(TOMAC)季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂形成的反胶束适用于低盐浓度的氨基酸料液,如从发酵液中萃取分离苯丙氨酸,二 (2-乙基己基)磷酸铵表面活性剂形成的反胶束可用于从高盐浓度的胱氨酸母液中萃取分离出精氨酸.介绍了反应条件对反胶束萃取氨基酸的影响.     

螺旋碳纤维的顺磁响应

采用化学气相沉积法制备了螺旋碳纤维,通过XRD、EDX和SEM对样品进行了表征和分析,采用研磨方法考察了螺旋结构的破坏情况,并对比了研磨前后样品的低温磁性。结果表明,在有效去除催化剂的情况下,螺旋形貌被破坏以后,碳纤维的抗磁性信号增强。基于单电子受缚于螺旋线的物理模型对实验结果进行分析和讨论,认为螺旋形貌具有顺磁响应,并阐释了其产生机理。     

六自由度微动平台旋转自由度的设计

介绍六自由度微动平台的原理、结构;对旋转自由度的实现进行了设计;同时对旋转自由度的调整精度进行了分析。这种形式的六自由度微动平台具有系统简单,可操作性强,实时监控调节,性价比高等优势。