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81.
The aim of this study is to investigate the bioactive components of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) tea as compared with green tea produced in Taiwan. Using in total 56 tea samples (28 green tea and 28 GABA tea), moisture content, Hunter L, a and b values, phenolic compounds, amino acids including GABA, fatty acids and ascorbic acid were determined. The results showed that moisture, total free amino acids, crude fat, Hunter L value, total nitrogen, free fatty acids and reducing sugar did not differ significantly between GABA tea and green tea. However, GABA tea had higher Hunter a and b values, while green tea had higher total catechin and ascorbic acid contents (p < 0.05). Of major catechins, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate were found to be lower in GABA tea than in green tea. For free amino acids, GABA, alanine, ammonia, lysine, leucine and isoleucine were found to be significantly higher in GABA tea, while the glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phenylalanine were higher in green tea (p < 0.05). Theanine, tryptophan, valine, threonine and methionine were not found to be different between the two kinds of tea.  相似文献   
82.
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis and restenosis are inflammatory responses involving free radicals and lipid peroxidation and may be prevented/cured by antioxidant‐mediated lipid peroxidation inhibition. Salvianolic acid (Sal B), a water‐soluble antioxidant obtained from a Chinese medicinal herb, is believed to have multiple preventive and therapeutic effects against human vascular diseases. In this study the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of Sal B on oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS: In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), Sal B reduced oxidative stress, inhibited low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and reduced oxidised LDL‐induced cytotoxicity. Sal B inhibited Cu2+‐induced LDL oxidation in vitro (with a potency 16.3 times that of probucol) and attenuated HAEC‐mediated LDL oxidation as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In cholesterol‐fed New Zealand White rabbits (with probucol as positive control), Sal B intake reduced Cu2+‐induced LDL oxidation, lipid deposition in the thoracic aorta, intimal thickness of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta and neointimal formation in the abdominal aorta. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study suggest that Sal B protects HAECs from oxidative injury‐mediated cell death via inhibition of ROS production. The antioxidant activity of Sal B may help explain its efficacy in the treatment of vascular diseases. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
83.
84.
Electronics based on layered indium selenide (InSe) channels exhibit promising carrier mobility and switching characteristics. Here, an InSe tribotronic transistor (denoted as w/In InSe T‐FET) obtained through the vertical combination of an In‐doped InSe transistor and triboelectric nanogenerator is demonstrated. The w/In InSe T‐FET can be operated by adjusting the distance between two triboelectrification layers, which generates a negative electrostatic potential that serves as a gate voltage to tune the charge carrier transport behavior of the InSe channel. Benefiting from the surface charging doping of the In layer, the w/In InSe T‐FET exhibits high reliability and sensitivity with a large on/off current modulation of 106 under a low drain–source voltage of 0.1 V and external frictional force. To demonstrate its function as a power‐saving tactile sensor, the w/In InSe T‐FET is used to sense “INSE” in Morse code and power on a light‐emitting diode. This work reveals the promise of 2D material–based tribotronics for use in nanosensors with low power consumption as well as in intelligent systems.  相似文献   
85.
Transforming thermal energy into electric energy and vice versa needs the decoupling of electrical transport from thermal transport. An innovative strategy is proposed by forming/disrupting electrically triggered conductive nanofilaments within semiconducting thin films to switch thermoelectric properties between two states without further material modification and manufacturing processes. It can also controllably adjust the degree of decoupling, providing a potential resolution and performance adjustability for heat/coldness control or power consumption reduction on demand.  相似文献   
86.
A radio frequency (RF) plasma system has been used to decompose 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE). Final products were identified by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The main products of DCE decomposition in O2/Ar plasma were CO2, CO, and HCl. Other minor chlorinated products were CCl4, C2HCl3, C2H3Cl, C2Cl4, CHCl3, C2HCl5, and COCl2. Nonchlorinated products were C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and HCOOH. The plasma reactor with a brass electrode had a higher decomposition fraction of DCE [η, (Cin ? Cout)/Cin × 100%] than that obtained with other materials (Au, Ni, and Cr). Different electrode configurations (inner and outer) were also evaluated for the decomposition of DCE. Argon plus oxygen was found to be the most suitable carrier/auxiliary gas for DCE decomposition. In addition, operational parameters for DCE decomposition in RF plasma including concentration, operational pressure, and total gas flow rate were evaluated. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
87.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20∶4n-6) serve important roles in perinatal visual and neural development. A neonatal pig model was used to determine if dietary supplementation with DHA and AA at slightly greater concentrations than normally found in human milk would influence fatty acid accretion in retina. One-day-old piglets were assigned to one of four diets (n=5/group): (i) STD, standard diet containing fat similar to infant formula; (ii) STD+DHA, 0.7% of fatty acids as DHA; (iii) STD+AA, 0.9% as AA; and (iv) STD+BOTH, 0.8% as DHA plus 1.0% as AA. After 25 d, fatty acids in retina phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were determined. Supplementation with DHA resulted in approximately twofold increases (P<0.05) in PC-DHA (4.88% in STD vs. 10.03% in STD+DHA and 9.47% in STD+BOTH). Similarly, AA supplementation increased PC-AA 1.3–1.4-fold (4.47% in STD vs. 6.19% in STD+AA and 5.70% in STD+BOTH). For PE, supplementation with either fatty acid or in combination resulted in no significant increases, except for a 1.2-fold increase in DHA for STD+BOTH (32.66%) vs. STD (28.38%). Thus, PC responded to dietary supplementation, with addition of DHA, AA, or BOTH, resulting in increases in respective fatty acids; PE was less responsive, with only STD+BOTH resulting in increased DHA. No significant competition between DHA and AA in incorporation into phospholipids was observed. In conclusion, consumption of a combination of DHA and AA by neonatal pigs supported accretion of DHA in retina phospholipids, while simultaneously supplying the AA necessary for membrane phospholipids and eicosanoid biosynthesis. Based on a presentation at the AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo in San Antonio, Texas, May 7–11, 1995.  相似文献   
88.
Terahertz (THz) radiation probes intermolecular interactions through crystal lattice vibrations, allowing the characterization of solid materials. Thus, THz spectroscopy is a promising alternative to mainstream solid-state analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction or thermal analysis. The method provides the benefits of online measurement, remote sampling and three-dimensional imaging, all of which are attractive for quality control and security applications. In the context of pharmaceutical solids, THz spectroscopy can differentiate and quantify different forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Here, we apply this technique to monitor a dynamic process involving two molecular crystals. In particular, we follow the mechanochemical construction of a two-component cocrystal by grinding together phenazine (phen) and mesaconic acid (mes). To rationalize the observed changes in the spectra, we conduct lattice dynamics calculations that lead to the tentative assignment of at least one feature in the cocrystal THz spectrum.  相似文献   
89.
The recently described gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase (GI-GPx) is the fourth member of the family of the selenoenzymes glutathione peroxidases (GPx). In contrast to the more uniform distribution of, for example, the classical glutathione peroxidase (cGPx), it is expressed exclusively in the gastrointestinal tract and has, therefore, been suggested to function as a primary barrier against alimentary hydroperoxides. In order to get an idea of its relative importance we investigated its position in the hierarchy of selenoprotein expression. The selenium-dependent expression of GI-GPx was analyzed in comparison with that of other GPx types at the level of mRNA and protein in HepG2 and CaCo-2 cells. Furthermore, the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) efficiencies of GI-GPx, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) and cGPx in response to selenium were determined by a reporter-gene assay in human hepatoma cells and baby hamster kidney cells. GI-GPx mRNA levels increased during selenium deficiency, whereas cGPx mRNA levels decreased and PHGPx mRNA levels remained almost unaffected. In cells grown in selenium-poor media, all GPx-types were low in both activity and immunochemical reactivity. Upon selenium repletion immunoreactive GI-GPx protein reached a plateau after 10 h, whereas cGPx started to be expressed at 24 h and did not reach its maximum level before 3 days. SECIS efficiencies decreased in the order PHGPx > cGPx > GI-GPx. The augmentation of SECIS efficiencies by selenium was highest for cGPx and intermediate for PHGPx, whereas it was marginal for GI-GPx. The high mRNA stability under selenium restriction, the speed of biosynthesis upon selenium repletion and the marginal effect of selenium on the SECIS efficiency indicate that of the GPx isotypes, GI-GPx ranks highest in the hierarchy of selenoproteins and point to a vital role of GI-GPx in the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   
90.
Cellulose crystallite sizes of naturally green and brown cottons as well as of white undyed and dyed cotton were studied by using X‐ray diffractometry. Data were analyzed both by a peak stripping method using the program WinFit and by whole profile matching using the FullProf program. The fit obtained with WinFit agreed with the results from the FullProf except for a small difference centered on the 002 reflection. Crystallite sizes of white and colored cottons were estimated by the full‐width‐at‐ half‐minimum (FWHM) method, and the results showed that compared to the white cotton, the crystallite sizes of green and brown cottons based on the 101 and 002 reflections were found to be comparable, whereas smaller 101¯ crystallite sizes were observed. After dyeing, the crystallite size of dyed brown cotton displayed a slight increase in the 002 crystallite size compared to that of the undyed white cottons. The average crystallite size of 101, 101¯, and 002 for each cotton determined by the WinFit program was comparable to that estimated by the FullProf program. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1466–1471, 2000  相似文献   
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