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141.
142.
Mari Honkanen Maija Hoikkanen Minnamari Vippola Jyrki Vuorinen Toivo Lepistö 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(20):6618-6626
The aim of this study was to characterize two different copper grades, oxygen-free copper, and phosphorous deoxidized copper,
with aminofunctional silane layers on them and to study these silane layers as coupling agents in the injection-molded thermoplastic
urethane–copper hybrids. The copper surfaces were as-received and modified, i.e., polished and oxidized. The copper surfaces
and silane layers which were grown from solution concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 vol% were studied with reflection absorption
infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron
microscope (TEM). The adhesive strengths of the copper–polymer joints were measured with peel tests and peeled surfaces were
further studied with RAIRS, AFM, and FESEM. On the as-received copper surface, the silane layer was irregular and existed
mainly in the surface roughness sites. This was the reason why hybrids manufactured with the as-received copper failed mostly
in the silane layer. Hybrids manufactured with the oxidized copper sheets had a uniform silane layer and the hybrids failed
mostly cohesively in thermoplastic urethane and had excellent peel strength values. In all silane-treated copper samples,
Si–O–Si groups were formed confirming the cross-linking in the silane layer. 相似文献
143.
144.
Katja Nevalainen Sanna Auvinen Olli Orell Pirkko Etelaho Reija Suihkonen Jyrki Vuorinen Pentti Jrvel 《Polymer Composites》2013,34(4):554-569
The effect of various fillers on the mechanical, barrier, and flammability properties of polypropylene (PP) was studied. PP was filled with 4 wt% of nano‐sized calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, organoclay, and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). For comparison, micron‐sized calcium carbonate was also studied. Two‐step masterbatch dilution approach of the composites suggested no or only minor improvements in Young's modulus and tensile yield strength, whereas their ductility decreased compared to coupling agent‐modified PP matrix. The water vapor transmission results of filled films showed increased permeability compared to their coupling agent‐modified counterpart. Oxygen permeability, however, decreased for the composites. The MWCNT‐filled matrix showed the highest barrier and fire performance, attributed mainly to its higher filler volume content, but also other reasons such as the effect of filler dispersion, composite's thermal stability, and polymer crystallinity were discussed.POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
145.
Milena Stepien Jarkko J Saarinen Hannu Teisala Mikko Tuominen Janne Haapanen Jyrki M M?kel? Jurkka Kuusipalo Martti Toivakka 《Nanoscale research letters》2013,8(1):444
Compressibility of liquid flame spray-deposited porous TiO2 nanoparticle coating was studied on paperboard samples using a traditional calendering technique in which the paperboard is compressed between a metal and polymer roll. Surface superhydrophobicity is lost due to a smoothening effect when the number of successive calendering cycles is increased. Field emission scanning electron microscope surface and cross‒sectional images support the atomic force microscope roughness analysis that shows a significant compressibility of the deposited TiO2 nanoparticle coating with decrease in the surface roughness and nanoscale porosity under external pressure.
PACS
61.46.-w; 68.08.Bc; 81.07.-b 相似文献146.
Tytti S. Kujala Maarit S. Vienola Karel D. Klika Jyrki M. Loponen Kalevi Pihlaja 《European Food Research and Technology》2002,214(6):505-510
Four cultivars of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) were evaluated with respect to their betalain and phenolic contents. The compounds were analysed using HPLC and identified by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS and NMR techniques. Betalains (vulgaxanthins I and II, betanin and isobetanin) and phenolics [5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-biindolyl, feruloylglucose and #-D-fructofuranosyl-!-D-(6-O-(E)-feruloylglucopyranoside)] were determined in different parts of the root; betalains were analysed separately in the water extract and phenolics in the fractionated 80% aqueous methanol extract (betalain-free water fraction). In each cultivar, both betanin and isobetanin were found in greater amounts in the peel than in the flesh. A similar trend was not observed in the distribution of vulgaxanthins. The three studied phenolics appeared in all root parts of the beetroot cultivars with the flesh generally containing the least content. Additionally, two phenolic amides (N-trans-feruloyltyramine and N-trans-feruloylhomovanillylamine) and four flavonoids (betagarin, betavulgarin, cochliophilin A and dihydroisorhamnetin) were detected in the fractionated 80% aqueous methanol peel extracts (acetonitrile fraction) of beetroot. 相似文献
147.
Ville Mylläri Samuel Hartikainen Valeria Poliakova Reetta Anderson Ilari Jönkkäri Pertti Pasanen Mirja Andersson Jyrki Vuorinen 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2016,133(31)
High density polyethylene (rHDPE) is extruded 1 to 8 times, with and without detergent, to simulate the effects of impurities on the material and on the artificial ageing process. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, rheology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are measured. According to the results, ageing of rHDPE increases tensile strength, reduces elongation, and enhances side chain branching of the material and thus causes rheological changes. The addition of detergent reduces changes in mechanical properties and rheological behavior but accelerates thermal degradation. VOC and FTIR measurements of the samples with detergent addition show generation of harmful 1,4‐dioxane. The amount of total emission, as well as emissions of important perfumes limonene and 1R‐α‐pinene, decreases during multiple extrusion cycles. Heating of the plastics is found to be a major factor in the VOC emission reduction. Impurities have a notable effect on the artificial ageing results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43766. 相似文献
148.
149.
The behaviour of aluminium during anhydrous hydrofluoric acid (HF) vapour etching of silicon dioxide films deposited by different methods was studied. Silicon dioxide films were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD), low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD), and a thermally oxidizing method. The etch rate of different oxides varies a lot. Etching of PECVD oxide causes residues on the aluminium surface as LPCVD and thermal oxide do not. The origin of the residues and different preventative methods are proposed. 相似文献
150.
Influence of nanoclay‐carbon black hybrid fillers on cure and properties of natural rubber compounds
Janak Sapkota Minna Poikelispää Amit Das Wilma Dierkes Jyrki Vuorinen 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2013,53(3):615-622
The influence of organically modified nanoclay‐carbon black (CB) hybrid filler on the curing behavior of natural rubber (NR) was explored in this investigation. Here an effort was paid to understand the curing kinetics of organomodified nanoclay filled rubber compounds. On the basis of two different types of modified clay, NR nanocomposites were prepared and cured by a conventional vulcanization system. A faster curing rate and lower torque values were found when the modification was done by quaternary ammonium compounds. The activation energy of the rubber curing process decreased with the incorporation of nanoclay. In addition, it was revealed that the quaternary ammonium compounds used as modifier in the clay show a plasticization effect. Additionally, X‐ray diffraction studies indicated, that the basal spacing of the clay minerals was increased in both cases after incorporation in the rubber matrix. The dynamic mechanical analysis using a strain sweep mode showed that the Payne effect decreases because of an improved dispersion of CB induced by the presence of nanoclay. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献