Influence of Neotyphodium coenophialum on copper concentration in tall fescue

Poor performance of livestock that graze tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) has been associated with the endophyte fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum [Morgan-Jones and Gams] Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin). Recent evidence suggests lowered Cu status and a depression of Cu-related immune function in steers that graze endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue. Greenhouse and field studies investigated relationships between the endophyte and Cu concentrations in tall fescue. Seventeen infected 'Kenhy' clones were divided, and one plant of each pair was treated three times with Benomyl to remove the endophyte (E-). Plants were watered with nutrient solution in a greenhouse for 6 mo before sampling. Copper concentrations were greater (P < .001) in E- than in E+ clones (3.4 vs 2.8 microg/g; SE, .06). In the second greenhouse experiment, genetically similar E+ and E- 'Kentucky'-31 (KY-31) and 'Georgia Jessup' were grown from seed and fertilized with nutrient solution to produce mature plants. Copper concentrations were higher (P < .05) in E- than in E+ tall fescue (8.6 vs 7.6 microg/g; SE, .3). In a field plot experiment in Texas, E+ and E- KY-31 were grown with 0, 50, and 100% replacement of potential evapotranspiration. By September, Cu concentrations were higher (P < .05) in E- than in E+ tall fescue (7.3 vs 6.6 microg/g; SE, .2). In pasture experiments, KY-31 E+ (> 70% infection level) and E- (< 5% infection level) tall fescue were grown in Virginia at two locations with three rates of N fertilizer. Copper concentrations were higher (P < .05) in E- than in E+ tall fescue (4.8 vs 4.5 microg/g; SE, .1) and increased (P < .01) linearly in response to N. Our data demonstrate that the presence of the endophyte is associated with lower Cu concentrations in tall fescue, which may contribute to lowered Cu status in animals and thus contribute to the etiology of fescue toxicity.     

Expression of beta 2-integrins and L-selectin on polymorphonuclear leukocytes in septic patients

Adhesion molecules on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play an important role in nonspecific defense mechanisms directed at invading microorganisms. When local infection, however, cannot be controlled, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) ensues which may progress to septic shock and multiple organ failure, these being major determinants of the patient's outcome. In the present study, the expression of beta 2-integrins and L-selectin on blood PMNL was measured on subsequent days in patients with sepsis (n = 17) and in healthy volunteers (n = 15). beta 2-Integrins and L-selectin molecules were detected by flow cytometry, using the monoclonal antibodies IB4 (anti-CD18) and Dreg200 (anti-CD62L), respectively. Adhesion molecules were determined at baseline immediately after blood collection and also 45 min after incubation of cells in vitro at body temperature to allow for spontaneous regulation. In addition, PMNL were activated by receptor-dependent and receptor-independent stimuli to characterize stimulus-specific adhesion molecule expression. In parallel with the measurement of adhesion molecules, severity of sepsis was assessed by the Elebute score. The results demonstrate significant differences in the basal, spontaneous and stimulus-induced expression of adhesion molecules between healthy volunteers, survivors (n = 11) and nonsurvivors (n = 6). Moreover, when survivors and nonsurvivors with severe sepsis (Elebute score > 12) were compared, basal expressions of both beta 2-integrins and L-selectin were significantly lower in patients who did not survive. Thus, measurement of adhesion molecules on circulating PMNL may be useful to identify septic patients at high risk for lethal outcome.     

设计沟通中的噪音——从传播学角度看设计沟通中的困难

文章从传播学的角度探讨设计沟通过程中的困难。设计沟通是贯穿于整个设计管理活动的重要环节,是传达信息的主要途径,但在实践过程中却经常遇到困难,导致设计活动无法顺利进行。文章通过引入噪音的概念,分析设计沟通的困难产生的原因,并利用传播学的理论提出通过冗余调节噪音的想法,以解决设计沟通中的问题。     

基于Web的高职院校实训室管理系统的设计与实现

讨论实训室管理系统的设计目标．利用Struts＋Spring＋Hibernate技术架构对其进行设计与实现,并给出系统的功能设计、体系结构设计和数据库设计。通过上述J2EE架构实现的实训室管理系统具有较好的扩展性、稳定性和良好的用户体验。     

陈垃圾滚筒筛运动模式与筛分效率优化

推导陈垃圾在滚筒筛中的运动方程并求数值解,按最大位置角将陈垃圾运动模式划分成滚落、抛落、圆周运动,给出不同筛筒转速、半径、动摩擦因数下的运动模式判别云图. 滚筒筛试验结果显示,陈垃圾运动的最大位置角随转速的升高先增大后不变,转速超过50 r/min后垃圾进行圆周运动. 陈垃圾滚筒筛的筛分效率随转速增大呈先升后降的趋势,随抛落差的增大呈持续上升的趋势,随着原料水的质量分数的增加呈下降的趋势. 基于试验结果,给出滚筒筛最优转速取值云图,在实际工程中可根据垃圾动摩擦因数及滚筒半径选择最优转速,同时减小水的质量分数以提高筛分效率.     

不同结构型式的配网复合绝缘横担电气性能研究

为了更好指导复合绝缘横担的应用,通过试验对比研究了方管复合绝缘横担及方棒复合绝缘横担的雷电冲击电压、湿工频闪络电压、污秽闪络电压及污秽覆雪闪络电压的变化情况.结果表明:10 kV方管复合绝缘横担的50％干雷电闪络电压为388.3 kV,高于方棒复合绝缘横担的370.0 kV,但方管复合绝缘横担的湿工频耐受电压、污秽工频耐受电压及污秽覆雪闪络电压均低于方棒复合绝缘横担,最后提出了不同运行环境下复合绝缘横担差异化的应用方案.     

玻纤增强复合材料及其复合绝缘横担覆冰特性研究

为了指导复合材料横担在重冰区的应用,本文开展了玻纤增强复合材料及复合材料绝缘横担的覆冰特性研究.结果表明:空白样品在垂直悬挂方式下的覆冰量和冰闪络电压均优于水平悬挂样品,且覆冰量均少于对应的亲水性的纯铝棒和Q345钢棒;涂覆PRTV涂料的复合材料样品覆冰量比空白样品少,对应的闪络电压大幅提升,且对应样品的冰面粘附力值最小,为纯铝棒冰面粘附力值的19％,而空白样品的冰面粘附力值为纯铝棒的78％.硅橡胶复合绝缘横担的覆冰特性正好和复合材料试样相反,水平悬挂方式下复合绝缘横担覆冰量相比垂直悬挂的同规格复合绝缘子减少了30％,闪络电压提高了51％.     

基于截面特征相容的曲面约束重构

为了从点云中重建高品质的曲面模型,提出一种基于截面特征相容的曲面重构方法.该方法将由点云切片获取的截面曲线分层次表达为直线、圆弧、B样条等基本曲线元和特征点的集合,并基于曲线微分几何属性,建立截面曲线特征点对应的数学模型,采用动态规划法求解并确定其初始对应关系,以曲线元特征匹配准则优化对应,逐步确立截面曲线间的特征对应关系,将特征对应关系映射为参数对应即可利用成熟算法逼近生成蒙皮曲面.实例表明,该算法获取的曲面模型不但满足精度和光顺性要求,而且忠实地反映了原始物理样件所蕴含的特征信息.     

单箱双室连续箱梁桥荷载试验研究

结合某单箱双室预应力混凝土连续梁桥工程,介绍了该桥静力荷载试验的内容与方法,其中包括测点布置、荷载布置、加载制度以及试验结果与计算结果的对比分析等.通过静力荷载试验来测试桥跨结构强度、刚度,以检验桥跨结构在正常使用状态下的承载能力和结构变形是否符合设计要求.试验结果表明:该桥结构处于正常受力状态,结构刚度、强度均满足规范要求.     

10 kV绝缘横担的轻量化设计及应用研究

为充分发挥绝缘横担轻质高强的特点,提高绝缘横担的使用寿命,满足腐蚀严重区域的使用需求,引进高强铝合金材料对10 kV绝缘横担进行轻量化设计及应用研究.从横担芯体、中间固定金具及配套附件三个方面对绝缘横担进行了轻量化的结构设计,采用有限元软件进行了详细的计算分析,为试制提供技术支撑.采用高强铝合金材料对方棒和T形绝缘横担的中间固定金具和配套抱箍进行了试制,并进行了抗弯、抗拉和抗扭测试,结果均满足要求.为了验证铝合金材料金具在绝缘横担中使用的稳定性,对方棒绝缘横担进行了热机循环试验,然后对两端金具进行抗拉试验,结果表现良好.经统计,高强铝合金材料在10 kV绝缘横担中的应用,大幅降低了整体质量(减轻近40％),可大大减少安装运输成本.