Novel guidelines for the development of pM-selective glass electrodes from oxide glasses

There have been no guidelines for developing pM-selective (M = alkali metal ions) glass membrane electrodes. One of the key points for developing pM-selective glasses is to make glasses not responsive to changes in pH, since pM-measurements can be disturbed by the pH of the solution. As hydrogen-bonded protons in glasses are mobile and their mobility is thought to be responsible for pH-sensitivity, glasses for pM-selective electrodes should contain no hydrogen-bonded protons and no non-bridging oxygen. In this paper, guidelines for developing pH-selective glasses are proposed by using pNa-selective glasses in the Na₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ system as examples. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fractionation and Characterization of Hen's Egg Yolk Phosvitin

TWO methods for phosvitin preparation were evaluated, based on purity of the products. Phosvitin was found to be heterogeneous in the polyacrylamide-gel electropherogram in which it migrated into two components designated α and β-phosvitin. They were partially fractionated using gel filtration. The β-phosvitin contained 9.20% phosphorus, while α had 2.97%. Phosvitin was dissociated into several bands ranging in molecular weights from 18,500—60,000 daltons, in the SDS polyacrylamide-gel electropherogram. Results indicate that phosvitin is composed of several subcomponents or polypeptides which interact or polymerize in aqueous solution to form larger molecular weight aggregates.     

DISPERSION STATE OF PROTEIN-STABILIZED EMULSIONS Dependence of Globule Size and Size Distribution upon pH in Concentrated Oil-in-Water Systems

Concentrated benzene-in-water emulsions were prepared with various proteins such as lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, casein and gluten. The emulsions consisted of coarse globules whose size distribution could be approximated to the log-normal distribution function, while the adsorbed film of protein molecules seemed to contribute to the stabilization of the globules. These properties were influenced by the pH of the aqueous phase. The mean globule size increased progressively up to the isoelectric point of the proteins. Both the interfacial tension and the rate of coalescence between the globules were minimized as the isoelectric point of the proteins was approached.     

Selective growth of carbon nanotube on silicon substrates

The carbon nanotube （CNT） growth of iron oxide-deposited trench-patterns and the locally-ordered CNT arrays on silicon substrate were achieved by simple thermal chemical vapor deposition（STCVD） of ethanol vapor. The CNTs were uniformly synthesized with good selectivity on trench-patterned silicon substrates. This fabrication process is compatible with currently used semiconductor-processing technologies, and the carbon-nanotube fabrication process can be widely applied for the development of electronic devices using carbon-nanotube field emitters as cold cathodes and can revolutionize the area of field-emitting electronic devices. The site-selective growth of CNT from an iron oxide nanoparticle catalyst patterned were also achieved by drying-mediated self-assembly technique. The present method offers a simple and cost-effective method to grow carbon nanotubes with self-assembled patterns.