Feasibility study of the application of voltage contrast to printed circuit board

Voltage contrast (VC) has been a powerful tool for the failure analysis of integrated circuits and multichip module. As the packing density of printed circuit board (PCB) is increasing, conventional failure analysis methods to detect open or short circuit in PCBs are no longer adequate, and voltage contrast method could be a method for this purpose. However, unlike the cases of integrated circuits and multichip module, there are many areas in PCB that will produce serious charging effect when examine under the scanning electron microscope. One of the areas is the presence of solder mask on PCB.This work examines the feasibility of using voltage contrast for PCB failure analysis. Specially designed PCB is used for experimentation, and it is found that positive bias on one track and zero bias on another copper track provide a better image contrast as compared to negative and zero biases on the tracks. Also, the variation of the image contrast with different spacing between inter copper tracks has studied. It is found that the variation depends on the presence of solder mask and its location. The variation can be very different for negative bias case as compared to the positive bias case.Finite element analysis is also performed to explain the experimental observations. All the observations can be well explained by the charging effect of the solder masks. The charging effect of solder mask is indeed very significant in affecting the image contrast, and it could reduce the contrast to almost zero in some cases.     

具有应变沟道及EOT 1.2nm高性能栅长22nm CMOS器件

深入研究了亚30nm CMOS关键工艺技术,特别是提出了一种新的低成本的提高空穴迁移率的技术--Ge预非晶化S/D延伸区诱生沟道应变技术,它使栅长90nm pMOS空穴有效迁移率在0.6MV/cm电场下提高32%.而且空穴有效迁移率的改善,随器件特征尺寸缩小而增强.利用零阶劳厄线衍射的大角度会聚束电子衍射分析表明,在沟道区相应的压应变为-3.6%.在集成技术优化的基础上,研制成功了高性能栅长22nm应变沟道CMOS器件及栅长27nm CMOS 32分频器电路(其中分别嵌入了57级/201级环形振荡器),EOT为1.2nm,具有Ni自对准硅化物.     

微型柔性红外传感器的制作研究

利用微机电系统(MEMS)技术,制作了一种128×1元柔性红外传感器阵列;首先在硅片衬底上生长一层PDMS柔性材料,然后再在柔性材料上利用MEMS技术制作红外传感器阵列.采用六轴微小器件试验台进行扭弯试验.在传感器的两端施加一定的力使其弯曲,然后测传感器不同单元的电阻.试验结果表明:所制作的柔性传感器阵列能经受多次弯扭,电阻值基本没有变化,柔性传感器在经过弯扭3 300次后,传感器本身的柔性材料并没有断.     

Analysis of a simple step-stress life test with a random stress-change time

This paper studies a variation of a simple step-stress life testing in which the stress change time is random, and the test is subject to type II censoring. We assume that only two order statistics from the test are observed. The first observed order statistic is the stress change time from a low level stress to a high level stress during the testing, and the second observed order statistic is the final failure time when the test is censored. We first present the joint probability distribution of the two order statistics observed from the simple step-stress accelerated life test. Maximum likelihood estimates, and the method of moment estimates for model parameters based on the joint distribution are considered. We also present the exact confidence interval estimates for the model parameters based on various pivotal quantities, and demonstrate the estimation procedure by a simulated example.     

反应堆压力容器在典型过冷瞬态下的断裂力学分析

考虑反应堆压力容器在役期间可能发生的典型的过冷瞬态(大破口失水和小破口失水事故),针对不同的裂纹形式运用MSC Marc程序进行断裂力学分析,进而确定容器在哪种裂纹和哪种瞬态下最危险,分析中考虑了堆焊层对断裂分析的影响. 运用有限元法进行断裂力学分析结果与理论解进行比较,二者吻合较好.     

一种计算机网络脆弱性评估系统的设计

以攻击图建模方法为基础，提出了一种综合利用网络安全评估工具、模型检验工具的计算机网络脆弱性评估系统的设计方案。给出了脆弱性评估系统的总体框架结构，分析了各模块的功能特点和结构组成。该脆弱性评估系统可以分析计算机网络系统的最薄弱环节、最隐蔽被攻击路径、最易被攻击路径和最常被攻击路径，可以有效指导计算机网络系统安全措施制定与改进。     

低通平滑滤波对网络流量自相似性质的影响

从Hurst参数的小波估计方法出发,介绍了平滑滤波后的网络基础(低频)流量和原始流量在自相似性质的上表现规律,探讨了低通平滑滤波对流量自相似性质的影响。     

充气飞行时间探测方法分析

本工作涉及充气飞行时间探测器的工作原理和实验测量结果。在不同能量(64、48和33MeV)下，利用充气飞行时间探测方法对同量异位素³⁶S和³⁶Cl进行鉴别，并与用传统的ΔE－E方法在相同能量下的鉴别结果进行比较。实验结果表明，在入射能量较高（E_i＞40MeV）时，ΔE－E法的鉴别能力比充气飞行时间法的稍好些；在E_i＜40MeV时，充气飞行时间法的鉴别能力比ΔE－E法的好，入射能量为20～40MeV时，充气飞行时间法能明显将³⁶S和³⁶Cl区分出来。     

基于自适应遗传算法的自行火炮机动路线优选

在对某型自行火炮机动转移的模拟过程中,在所建立的虚拟地形基础上,考虑自行火炮自身的机动能力,将地形坡度因素和机动时对目标点的偏移程度综合,建立了优选转移路线的多因素非线性模型,同时探索了利用自适应遗传算法求解该模型的方法,并对其中交叉概率和变异概率的确定进行了分析,最后通过实例计算验证了此方法的可行性.为进行自行火炮作战效能仿真时计算机动转移过程中的实时坐标提供参考.     

基于Ansys的压电式四臂加速度计模拟分析

介绍了压电式四臂微加速度计的工作原理,耦合场分析原理以及ANSYS软件在压电分析中的具体应用.以压电式四臂加速度计为例,使用ANSYS软件对其进行了静态,模态等分析,得出了压电层厚度、悬臂厚度、长度对加速度计灵敏度的影响.在模态分析中得出了加速度计的前三阶固有频率和与之对应的振动形态.本文的结果可以直接应用到加速度计结构的优化设计.