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61.
MN Janakiraman KD Watenpaugh PK Tomich KT Chong SR Turner RA Tommasi S Thaisrivongs JW Strohbach 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,8(10):1237-1242
Potent, non-peptidic, dihydropyrone sulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors have been previously described. Crystallographic analysis of dihydropyrone sulfonamide inhibitor/HIV protease complexes suggested incorporation of a second, C2 symmetry-related sulfonamide group. Selected bis-sulfonamide dihydropyrone analogues display high HIV protease inhibitory activity. 相似文献
62.
Haus H.A. Khatri F.I. Wong W.S. Ippen E.P. Tamura K.R. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》1996,32(6):917-924
The interaction of a soliton of the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NSE) with a weak sinusoidal wave packet is treated analytically. The second-order soliton solution containing the original soliton and a perturbing soliton is expanded to first order in the amplitude of the perturbating soliton. From this expansion, one obtains the associate function of Gordon (1992) and a continuous change of position and phase of the perturbed soliton. One finds that the soliton experiences a second-order change of velocity under the influence of the perturbation. This result is then used to derive the displacement due to a wave packet of general shape, which is also confirmed by computer simulation 相似文献
63.
We report the first demonstration of proton-exchanged optical planar waveguides in x-cut and z-cut LiNbO3 doped with 6 mol% ZnO using adipic acid as proton source. These waveguides exhibit a graded index profile which can be modeled by a linear step function with a surface index increase of 0.135 and 0.14 for x-cut and z-cut waveguides, respectively. The diffusion constant Do and the activation energy Q are characterized optically to be 1.64×109 μm2/h and 88.8 KJ/mol for x-cut waveguides, and 1.478×109 μm2/h and 91.25 KJ/mol for z-cut waveguides, respectively. The diffusion rate along the z-axis is slower than that along the x-axis, whereas the surface index increase on z-cut waveguides is larger than that on x-cut waveguides. 相似文献
64.
The tail-flick (TF) technique was used to assess the antinociceptive properties of nifedipine (NIF) given intraperitoneally (i.p.). First, the most suitable intensity of the noxious stimulus (temperature of the bulb) has been ascertained and used in the main study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received NIF, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at the doses of 0.0, 0.5, 2, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, or control with no injection. For the main study, the noxious stimulus was limited to 15 sec (cut-off time) and TF latencies were recorded up to 120 min. The antinociceptive response was expressed as the area under the curve for each rat and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The antinociceptive response to the lower doses of NIF (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) did not differ from control (no injection) and DMSO alone. Significance was found at 5, 10 and 15 mg NIF with no difference among the doses. However, there was an increasing tendency of the mean values from 0.5 to 15 mg NIF resulting in a positive correlation. The correlation coefficient was 0.32483 (p = 0.015) and regression equation Y = (19.37) x dose + 1320. Our data suggest that spinal mechanisms are involved in NIF-induced antinociception. 相似文献
65.
This study describes the use of the microdialysis technique to elucidate specific properties of the circadian pacemaking system in the hypothalamus, by measurement of melatonin production in the pineal gland. Melatonin has appeared to be a reliable marker of the pacemaker activity, which is influenced by the light/dark cycle. A phase shift in the light/dark cycle was applied to perturb the rhythm generating system. An 8-h phase advance resulted in the disappearance of melatonin production over two days, with basal levels comparable to normal daytime levels. In the subsequent return of rhythmic melatonin production, new clock characteristics could be revealed, due to the high time-resolution measurements of microdialysis. While half of the animals still did not show any rhythmicity, the other half of the animals regained rhythmicity with entrained onset of melatonin production, while the offset was variable and not stably entrained to lights on. Ten days after the shift, the system had completely recovered and all animals regained normal rhythmicity, in phase with the new light/dark cycle. The results are interpreted in terms of the two-oscillator model, with one oscillator reacting with a phase advance and the other with a phase delay to adapt to the phase shift. 相似文献
66.
由对硝基苯甲醚制备对氨基苯甲醚的工艺研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以硫磺和氢氧化钠为原料,制备多硫化钠,然后用多硫化钠还原对硝基苯甲醚合成对氨基苯甲醚。第一步反应在90℃下回流1h,硫磺的转化率可达100%;第二步反应在110℃下回流8h,对氨基苯甲醚的收率为96%,纯度为99%,副产品硫代硫酸钠的收率为92%,纯度为98%。 相似文献
67.
RH Rau YL Chan HI Chuang CR Cheng KL Wong KH Wu TT Wei 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,35(2):113-118
While current psychiatric taxonomies recognise a classification of amphetamine dependence, derived from the notion of an alcohol dependence syndrome, little research has validated that such a condition exists for this drug. Current amphetamine users (N = 331), were interviewed using the World Health Organization operationalisation of DSM-III-R substance dependence criteria, and a measure of the psychological components of dependence. Structural analyses indicated that a unidimensional dependence syndrome as assessed by DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria exists for amphetamine, and that physiological, psychological and behavioural indicators were all important in accounting for the variance in responses. It was demonstrated that the concept of a dependence syndrome is applicable to amphetamine, and that the inclusion of the amphetamine dependence syndrome in DSM-III-R and DSM-IV is valid. 相似文献
68.
Chao C.-J. Wong S.-C. Chen M.-J. Liew B.-K. 《Semiconductor Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on》1998,11(4):615-623
Interconnect parasitic parameters in integrated circuits have significant impact on circuit speed. An accurate monitoring of these parameters can help to improve interconnect performance during process development, provide information for circuit design, or give useful reference for circuit failure analysis. Existing extraction methods either are destructive (such as SEM measurement) or can determine only partial parasitic parameters (such as large capacitor measurement). In this paper, we present a new method for extracting interconnect parasitic parameters, which can simultaneously determine the interlayer and intralayer capacitances, line resistance, and effective line width. The method is based on two test patterns of the same structure with different dimensions. The structure consumes less wafer area than existing methods. The method shows good agreement with SEM measurement of dielectric thickness in both nonglobal planarized and chemical-mechanical polished processes, and gives accurate prediction of the process spread of a ring oscillator speed over a wafer 相似文献
69.
Methyl oleate (18∶1) and linoleate (18∶2) were readily transformed to the correspondinggem-dichlorocyclopropane derivatives in high yield, using triethylbenzylammonium chloride as the phase-transfer catalyst in the
presence of aqueous NaOH and CHCl3. Reaction of dichlorocarbene with methyl 12-hydroxystearate furnished methyl 12-chlorostearate (49%) and 12-O-formylstearate (19%). The hydroxy group in methyl ricinoleate was protected (O-tetrahydropyran-2′-yl) prior to dichlorocyclopropanation of the ethylenic bond. Removal of the protecting group allowed the
hydroxy group to be converted to a chloride,O-acetyl, azido orO-formyl function. Treatment of methyl ricinoleate with thionyl chloride, followed by the reaction with dichlorocarbene gave
the corresponding 12-chloro-dichlorocyclopropane derivative. The dichlorocyclopropane derivative of oleic acid was transformed
to a C19 allenic fatty acid when treated witht-butyl lithium. However, the remaining dichlorocyclopropane derivatives, containing an additional functional group in the
alkyl chain, failed to yield the corresponding allenic derivatives. All derivatives were characterized by a combination of
spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, including infrared,1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and13C NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献
70.
Poly(tetrahydropyranyl-2-methacrylate) (PTHPMA) was found to be miscible with Poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPH), Poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol A) (Phenoxy), and Poly(styrene-co-allyl alcohol) (PSAA). However, Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA) is immiscible with all these three hydroxyl-containing polymers. Poly(acetonyl methacrylate) (PACMA) was found to be miscible with PVPH but immiscible with Phenoxy and PSAA. Miscible PTHPMA-Phenoxy blends showed lower critical solution temperature behavior. 相似文献