海洋激光雷达实验与仿真结果的对比

海洋激光雷达是探测上层海水并构建海洋立体观测网络的重要遥感设备。文中将激光雷达实验数据与MC (Monte Carlo)仿真、解析模型、原位数据进行综合对比,检验它们的匹配程度。与实验实测的激光雷达回波信号相比,MC仿真和解析模型均有很高的一致性(R^2>0.97),将原位漫射衰减系数(Kd)近似代入普通激光雷达方程也有较好的一致性(R^2>0.92)。反演得到的激光雷达衰减系数(α)表现出了相似的结果,MC仿真和解析模型具有更佳的一致性。结果表明:海洋激光雷达实验结果能与MC和解析模型的仿真结果很好地匹配。     

Effect of Oligothienyl Chain Length on Tuning the Solar Cell Performance in Fluorene‐Based Polyplatinynes

A series of solution‐processable and strongly visible‐light absorbing polyplatinynes containing oligothienyl–fluorene ring hybrids were synthesized and characterized. These rigid‐rod organometallic materials are soluble in polar organic solvents and show intense absorptions in the visible spectral region, rendering them excellent candidates for bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The photovoltaic behavior depends significantly on the number of thienyl rings along the polymer chain, and some of these polymer solar cells show high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 2.9% and a peak external quantum efficiency to 83% under AM1.5 simulated solar illumination. The effect of oligothienyl chain length on improving the polymer solar cell efficiency and on their optical and charge transport properties is elucidated in detail. At the same blend ratio of 1:5, the light‐harvesting capability and PCE increase markedly with increasing number of thienyl rings. The power dependencies of the solar cell parameters (including the short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, fill‐factor, and PCE) were also examined. The present work opens up an attractive avenue to developing conjugated metallopolymers with broad and strong solar energy absorptions and tunable solar cell efficiency and supports the potential of metalated conjugated polymers for efficient power generation.     

金属单向诱导横向晶化激光修饰多晶硅薄膜晶体管

对采用金属诱导单一方向横向晶化(metal induced unilaterally crystallization,MIUC)并结合激光后退火技术,以提高多晶硅薄膜晶体管的性能,进行了深入研究.MIUC薄膜晶体管已具有良好的器件性能和均匀性,再加以三倍频YAG激光退火后的MIUC薄膜晶体管,其场效应迁移率则可提高近一倍.器件的多种性能和参数的均匀性与所用修饰性的激光处理条件密切相关,具有规律性,故而是可控的,这为工业化技术的掌控提供了基础.     

A Paradigm of Carbon Nanotube Interconnects in Microelectronic Packaging

Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays/films were transferred onto copper substrates via eutectic tin/lead (SnPb) solder pastes. The morphologies, thermal stabilities, adhesion to substrates, and electrical properties of the as-transferred CNT arrays were studied. The CNT arrays generated negligible expansion or contraction below 250°C. The adhesion of CNT arrays to the substrate was significantly improved by the transfer process. An ohmic contact was formed between the transferred CNT arrays and the Sn-Pb solder. Four-probe electrical measurements yielded the resistance of the as-transferred CNT films under the electrode to be around 0.0056 Ω, from which the resistivity of each individual CNT tube was calculated to be 2.44 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm.     

雪崩光电探测器的击穿效应模型分析

基于CMOS工艺制备了空穴触发的Si基雪崩探测器(APD),基于不同工作温度下器件的击穿特性,建立空穴触发的雪崩器件的击穿效应模型。根据雪崩击穿模型和击穿电压测试结果,拟合曲线得到击穿电场与温度的关系参数(dE/dT),器件在250～320 K区间内,击穿电压与温度是正温度系数,器件发生雪崩击穿为主,dV/dT=23.3 mV/K,其值是由倍增区宽度以及载流子碰撞电离系数决定的。在50～140 K工作温度下,击穿电压是负温度系数,器件发生隧道击穿,dV/dT=-58.2 mV/K,其值主要受雪崩区电场的空间延伸和峰值电场两方面因素的影响。     

用于压缩感知的二值化测量矩阵

压缩感知是近年新兴的一种信号处理理论,在一定条件满足的情况下,压缩感知方法可通过远低于 Nyquist 频率的降采样数据以高概率近乎完美地重建原始信号。测量矩阵在压缩感知的整个处理过程中起着非常重 要的作用。本文从恢复算法入手提出二值化测量矩阵,并通过仿真对其性能加以验证。二值化后测量矩阵不仅在 性能上有一定提升,更重要的是可大大降低测量矩阵所需的存储空间以及压缩感知采样、恢复过程的运算量。     

高性能ZnSnO∶Li/ZnSnO双有源层TFT电学性能的研究

双有源层以迁移率高、开关比高、大面积均匀性好等优点成为近年研究热点。采用射频磁控溅射方法,制备了ZnSnO∶Li/ZnSnO薄膜晶体管(TFT),对其电学特性进行了测试,并研究了器件迁移率提高的原因及其内在的微观机制。研究发现,ZTO∶Li/ZTO TFT表现出了良好的电学特性,其场效应迁移为率为13.98 cm²/(V·s),亚阈值摆幅为0.84 V/dec,开关比为1.13×10⁹。通过XPS对其薄膜进行分析发现,Li的引入导致薄膜中氧和金属结合键的浓度增加,氧空位浓度减少,从而使得TFT的迁移率增大,开关比增大,亚阈值摆幅减小。     

Gelable and Adhesive Powder for Lethal Non-Compressible Hemorrhage Control

Hemostatic powders are widely used in clinical and emergency situations but often exhibit low wet adhesion, cytotoxicity concerns, and do not work well for lethal non-compressible hemorrhage. Here a new kind of gelable and adhesive powder (GAP) is developed, which integrates chitosan microspheres (CM), tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol) amine (Tetra-PEG-NH₂), and tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl succinate (Tetra-PEG-SS). Upon application to the wound site, the macroporous CM can rapidly absorb the interfacial liquids, and meanwhile, the hydrated GAP turns into hydrogel (crosslinking between Tetra-PEG-SS and CM/Tetra-PEG-NH₂) with stable and robust adhesion to the wet tissue though covalent bonding. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that the GAP with optimized formulation exhibits strong tissue adhesive, high burst pressure, and enhanced blood clotting ability, as well as excellent biocompatibility and on-demand removal properties. A significantly improved hemostatic efficacy is demonstrated in the rat liver, spleen, and femoral artery injury models compared to that of the CM, commercial fibrin glue, and Yunnan Baiyao (YB). The GAP can also halt the severe bleeding from pig visceral organs. Overall, the proposed GAP has many advantages including good biocompatibility, rapid and effective hemostasis, low cost, and ease of use, making it as a promising hemostat for lethal non-compressible hemorrhage control.     

科学松鼠会的传播内容偏向和受众关注偏向的调查研究

通过对科学松鼠会微博、博客、网站的内容和受众关注内容的主题分类进行统计分析,发现两者都偏向关注生物、健康、医学等类别,即传播内容的偏向与受众关注的偏向具有一致性。同时,通过对科学松鼠会主编"游识猷"(网名)的采访调查和对其微博粉丝的问卷调查,深入分析科学松鼠会的传播者和受传者分别在各自偏向的形成过程中所起的作用,以及这两种偏向的关系,并为其他综合性科普网站提供一定的借鉴。