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51.
New starch preparations resistant to enzymatic digestion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jochym K Kapusniak J Barczynska R Sliżewska K 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(4):886-891
BACKGROUND: New starch preparations were produced by thermolysis of potato starch in the presence of inorganic (hydrochloric) and organic (citric and tartaric) acids under controlled conditions. The starch preparations were physicochemically and structurally characterised and analysed for their resistance to enzymatic digestion in vitro. RESULTS: The content of resistant fraction in dextrin D1, obtained by heating starch acidified with hydrochloric and citric acids, determined by the AOAC 2001.03 and pancreatin‐gravimetric methods was similar (~200 g kg?1). In the case of dextrin D3, obtained by heating starch acidified with hydrochloric and tartaric acids, the result of determination by the pancreatin‐gravimetric method was almost four times higher than that obtained with the AOAC 2001.03 method. The enzymatic tests revealed that dextrin D3 obtained with excess tartaric acid can be classified as RS4, which can only be partially determined by enzymatic‐gravimetric methods. Tartaric acid at high concentration had a significantly stronger influence on starch hydrolysis than citric acid. This was confirmed by chromatographic analysis of dextrins and chemical investigation of the reducing power. CONCLUSION: The results confirmed the possibility of applying dextrins, prepared under specific conditions, as soluble dietary fibre. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
52.
Agnieszka Kosińska Magdalena Karamać Kamila Penkacik Anna Urbalewicz Ryszard Amarowicz 《European Food Research and Technology》2011,233(2):213-222
The binding of tannin fraction to protein fractions isolated from broad bean seeds was studied by precipitating potential
and fluorescence quenching methods. The tannin fraction with high proanthocyanidins content was isolated from broad bean coats.
Storage proteins of broad bean, 11S, 7S, and 2S, were isolated from broad bean cotyledons and purified. Gelatin, BSA, as well
as broad bean 2S and 7S protein fractions exhibited similar shape of curves illustrating the effect of pH on protein precipitation
and were precipitated by broad bean tannin fraction over the wide range of pH. For pea proteins isolate and 11S fraction of
broad bean proteins, quite different effect of pH was observed. The relationships between the amount of protein–polyphenols
complex precipitated and the content of tannin fraction were linear and characterized by high squared correlation coefficients
ranging from 0.9613 to 0.9938. Among the protein fractions isolated from broad bean seeds, the highest precipitating potential
was noted for 11S fraction, followed by 7S and 2S fractions and amounted to 1.63, 1.34, and 0.87, respectively. To characterize
the association of proteins with phenolic compounds yielding formation of soluble complexes, fluorescence spectroscopy was
applied. Similarly, the most extensive fluorescence quenching was observed in the case of 11S protein fraction. 相似文献
53.
Effect of Dairy Cow Crossbreeding on Selected Performance Traits and Quality of Milk in First Generation Crossbreds
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The term ‘metabolic profile’ refers to the analysis of blood biochemical parameters that are useful to assess and prevent metabolic and nutritional disorders in dairy herds. In the higher standards of milk production, the priority in modern breeding is keeping dairy cows in high lactation and healthy. The proper analysis, as well as control. of their feeding and metabolic status is immensely important for the health condition of the herd. The disproportion between the genetically determined ability for milk production and the limitations in improving the energy value of the ration may be the cause of metabolic disorders. Negative energy balance has a major impact on the body's hormonal balance and organ functions and mostly appears during transition periods: from 3 to 2 weeks prepartum until 2–3 weeks postpartum. The term ‘transition’ is used to underscore the important physiological, metabolic and nutritional changes occurring in this time. The manner in which these changes occur and how they are diagnosed and detected are extremely important, as they are closely related to clinical and subclinical postpartum diseases, lactation and reproductive performance – factors that significantly shape the profitability of production. Therefore the priority for intensive milk production is prevention of metabolic diseases and other disorders. It is the intent of this review to synthesize and summarize the information currently available on metabolic status and physiological changes in the cow's body that occur during lactation, as well as to discuss the interpretation of the results, which will be a useful diagnostic tool in nutritional evaluations of the dairy herd. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
56.
Internal pressures and their excesses were calculated in the strict thermodynamic way for binary mixtures of 2-,3-,4-methylpyridine,
2,6-dimethylpyridine, and 2,4,6-dimethylpyridine with water and heavy water at T = 296.15 K. The excess internal pressure approach proved to be useful in studies of relatively subtle thermodynamic effects.
Positive correlation was found between the association energy of the 1:1 water–amine complexes and the maximum values of the
excess internal pressure. It was shown that the differences caused by the exchange of H2O by D2O in the mixtures are evident in the excess internal pressure isotherms. The larger excesses for the D2O mixtures may indicate that the difference in energy between the O–D· · ·N and O–D· · ·O bonds is higher than that between
the O–H· · ·N and O–H· · ·O ones. That probably leads to different phase properties of the studied systems. 相似文献
57.
Krystyna Makowska Kamila Szymaska Jarosaw Caka Sawomir Gonkowski 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(19)
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance used in the manufacture of plastics which shows multidirectional adverse effects on living organisms. Since the main path of intoxication with BPA is via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the stomach and intestine are especially vulnerable to the impact of this substance. One of the main factors participating in the regulation of intestinal functions is the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is characterized by high neurochemical diversity. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is one of the lesser-known active substances in the ENS. During the present study (performed using the double immunofluorescence method), the co-localization of NRG1 with other neuronal substances in the ENS of the caecum and the ascending and descending colon has been investigated under physiological conditions and after the administration of BPA. The obtained results indicate that NRG1-positive neurons also contain substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, a neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase and galanin and the degree of each co-localization depend on the type of enteric plexus and the particular fragment of the intestine. Moreover, it has been shown that BPA generally increases the degree of co-localization of NRG1 with other substances. 相似文献
58.
Opatrný K Krouzzecký A Polanská K Mares J Tomsů M Bowry SK Vienken J 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2006,10(2):201-208
The aim of the study was to assess the biocompatibility profile of a newly developed high-flux polysulfone dialyzer type (FX-class dialyzer). The new class of dialyzers incorporates a number of novel design features (including a new membrane) that have been developed specifically in order to enhance the removal of small- and middle-size molecules. The new FX dialyzer series was compared with the classical routinely used high-flux polysulfone F series of dialyzers. In an open prospective, randomized, crossover clinical study, concentrations of the C5a complement component, and leukocyte count in blood and various thrombogenicity parameters were evaluated before, and at 15 and 60 min of hemodialysis at both dialyzer inlet and outlet in 9 long-term hemodialysis patients using the FX60S dialyzers and, after crossover, the classical F60S, while in another 9 patients, the evaluation was made with the dialyzers used in reverse order. The comparison of dialyzers based on evaluation of the group including all procedures with the FX60S and the group including procedures with the F60S did not reveal significant differences in platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin times, plasma heparin levels, platelet factor-4, D-dimer, C5a, and leukocyte count at any point of the collecting period. Both dialyzer types showed a significant increase in the plasma levels of the thrombin-antithrombin III complexes; however, the measured levels were only slightly elevated compared with the upper end of the normal range. Biocompatibility parameters reflecting the behavior of platelets, fibrinolysis, complement activation, and leukopenia do not differ during dialysis with either the FX60S or the F60S despite their large differences in design and geometry features. Although coagulation activation, as evaluated by one of the parameters used, was slightly higher with the FX60S, it was still within the range seen with other highly biocompatible dialyzers and therefore is not indicative of any appreciable activation of the coagulation system. Thus, the incorporation of various performance-enhancing design features into the new FX class of dialyzers does not result in a deterioration of their biocompatibility profile, which is comparable to that of the classical F series of dialyzers. 相似文献
59.
Micha Czaja Katarzyna Skirliska-Nosek Olga Adamczyk Kamila Sofiska Natalia Wilkosz Zenon Rajfur Marek Szymoski Ewelina Lipiec 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(7)
Even several thousands of DNA lesions are induced in one cell within one day. DNA damage may lead to mutations, formation of chromosomal aberrations, or cellular death. A particularly cytotoxic type of DNA damage is single- and double-strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs, respectively). In this work, we followed DNA conformational transitions induced by the disruption of DNA backbone. Conformational changes of chromatin in living cells were induced by a bleomycin (BLM), an anticancer drug, which generates SSBs and DSBs. Raman micro-spectroscopy enabled to observe chemical changes at the level of single cell and to collect hyperspectral images of molecular structure and composition with sub-micrometer resolution. We applied multivariate data analysis methods to extract key information from registered data, particularly to probe DNA conformational changes. Applied methodology enabled to track conformational transition from B-DNA to A-DNA upon cellular response to BLM treatment. Additionally, increased expression of proteins within the cell nucleus resulting from the activation of repair processes was demonstrated. The ongoing DNA repair process under the BLM action was also confirmed with confocal laser scanning fluorescent microscopy. 相似文献
60.
Agata Witczak Anna Pohoryo Aleksandra Aftyka Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada Grzegorz Witczak 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(21)
Given the importance of breastfeeding infants, the contamination of human milk is a significant public concern. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination of human milk with dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs) in relation to the duration of lactation and other influencing factors, especially the frequency of the consumption of selected foods during pregnancy. Based on this, the health risk to infants was assessed and compared to the tolerable daily intake (TDI). PCB determinations were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ∑ndl-PCB content ranged from 0.008 to 0.897 ng/g w.w., at an average of 0.552 ng/g wet weight, which was 55% of the maximum level according to the EU guidelines for foods for infants and young children. The toxic equivalent (TEQ) was in the range of 0.033–5.67 pg-TEQ/g w.w. The content of non-ortho, mono-ortho, and ndl-PCBs in human milk decreased the longer lactation continued. Moreover, when pregnant women smoked tobacco, this correlated significantly with increases in the concentrations of PCB congeners 156, 118, and 189 in human milk. The human milk contents of PCB congeners 77, 81, 186, 118, and 189 were strongly positively correlated with the amount of fish consumed. The content of stable congeners PCB 135 and PCB 153 increased with age. 相似文献