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61.
A close relationship exists between the advancement of face recognition algorithms and the availability of face databases varying factors that affect facial appearance in a controlled manner. The CMU PIE database has been very influential in advancing research in face recognition across pose and illumination. Despite its success the PIE database has several shortcomings: a limited number of subjects, a single recording session and only few expressions captured. To address these issues we collected the CMU Multi-PIE database. It contains 337 subjects, imaged under 15 view points and 19 illumination conditions in up to four recording sessions. In this paper we introduce the database and describe the recording procedure. We furthermore present results from baseline experiments using PCA and LDA classifiers to highlight similarities and differences between PIE and Multi-PIE. 相似文献
62.
A locally adaptive window for signal matching 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5
This article presents a signal matching algorithm that can select an appropriate window size adaptively so as to obtain both precise and stable estimation of correspondences.Matching two signals by calculating the sum of squared differences (SSD) over a certain window is a basic technique in computer vision. Given the signals and a window, there are two factors that determine the difficulty of obtaining precise matching. The first is the variation of the signal within the window, which must be large enough, relative to noise, that the SSD values exhibit a clear and sharp minimum at the correct disparity. The second factor is the variation of disparity within the window, which must be small enough that signals of corresponding positions are duly compared. These two factors present conflicting requirements to the size of the matching window, since a larger window tends to increase the signal variation, but at the same time tends to include points of different disparity. A window size must be adaptively selected depending on local variations of signal and disparity in order to compute a most-certain estimate of disparity at each point.There has been little work on a systematic method for automatic window-size selection. The major difficulty is that, while the signal variation is measurable from the input, the disparity variation is not, since disparities are what we wish to calculate. We introduce here a statistical model of disparity variation within a window, and employ it to establish a link between the window size and the uncertainty of the computed disparity. This allows us to choose the window size that minimizes uncertainty in the disparity computed at each point. This article presents a theory for the model and the resultant algorithm, together with analytical and experimental results that demonstrate their effectiveness. 相似文献
63.
The measurement of highlights in color images 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
Gudrun J. Klinker Steven A. Shafer Takeo Kanade 《International Journal of Computer Vision》1988,2(1):7-32
In this paper, we present an approach to color image understanding that accounts for color variations due to highlights and shading. We demonstrate that the reflected light from every point on a dielectric object, such as plastic, can be described as a linear combination of the object color and the highlight color. The colors of all light rays reflected from one object then form a planar cluster in the color space. The shape of this cluster is determined by the object and highlight colors and by the object shape and illumination geometry. We present a method that exploits the difference between object color and highlight color to separate the color of every pixel into a matte component and a highlight component. This generates two intrinsic images, one showing the scene without highlights, and the other one showing only the highlights. The intrinsic images may be a useful tool for a variety of algorithms in computer vision, such as stereo vision, motion analysis, shape from shading, and shape from highlights. Our method combines the analysis of matte and highlight reflection with a sensor model that accounts for camera limitations. This enables us to successfully run our algorithm on real images taken in a laboratory setting. We show and discuss the results.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DCR-8419990 and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), ARPA Order No. 4976, monitored by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory under contract F33615-84-K-1520. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or the US Government. 相似文献
64.
Mei Han Kanade T. 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2003,25(7):884-894
In this paper, we describe a reconstruction method for multiple motion scenes, which are scenes containing multiple moving objects, from uncalibrated views. Assuming that the objects are moving with constant velocities, the method recovers the scene structure, the trajectories of the moving objects, the camera motion, and the camera intrinsic parameters (except skews) simultaneously. We focus on the case where the cameras have unknown and varying focal lengths while the other intrinsic parameters are known. The number of the moving objects is automatically detected without prior motion segmentation. The method is based on a unified geometrical representation of the static scene and the moving objects. It first performs a projective reconstruction using a bilinear factorization algorithm and, then, converts the projective solution to a Euclidean one by enforcing metric constraints. Experimental results on synthetic and real images are presented. 相似文献
65.
Integration-time-based, time-domain computation provides an area-efficient way to process image information by directly handling photo-created charge during photo-sensing. We have fabricated and tested a CCD-based range-finding sensor which uses the time-of-flight method for range measurement. The sensor exploits two charge packets for light integration and detects the delay of the received light pulse relative to the transmitted light pulse. It has detected a 10 cm distance difference at the range of 150 cm in the dark background 相似文献
66.
AM DiGioia B Jaramaz M Blackwell DA Simon F Morgan JE Moody C Nikou BD Colgan CA Aston RS Labarca E Kischell T Kanade 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,(355):8-22
There has been little clinical research to examine the effects of patient positioning and pelvic motion on the alignment of the acetabular implant during total hip replacement surgery. Until now, no tools were capable of accurately measuring these variables during the actual procedure. As part of a broader program in medical robotics and computer assisted surgery, a clinical system has been developed that includes several enabling technologies. The hip navigation system (HipNav) continuously and precisely measures pelvic location and tracks relative implant alignment intraoperatively. HipNav technology is used to gauge current clinical practice and provide intraoperative feedback to surgeons with the goal of improving the precision and accuracy of acetabular alignment during total hip replacement. This system provides surgeons with a new class of image guided measurement tools and assist devices. These tools successfully were introduced into the clinical practice of surgery with results showing the following: (1) There exist unpredictable and large variations in the initial position of patients' pelves on the operating room table and significant pelvic movement during surgery and during intraoperative range of motion testing; (2) current mechanical acetabular alignment guides do not account for these variations, and result in variable and in the majority of cases unacceptable acetabular alignment; and (3) press fitting oversized acetabular components influences the final cup orientation. 相似文献
67.
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69.
Algorithms for cooperative multisensor surveillance 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Collins R.T. Lipton A.J. Fujiyoshi H. Kanade T. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》2001,89(10):1456-1477
The Video Surveillance and Monitoring (VSAM) team at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has developed an end-to-end, multicamera surveillance system that allows a single human operator to monitor activities in a cluttered environment using a distributed network of active video sensors. Video understanding algorithms have been developed to automatically detect people and vehicles, seamlessly track them using a network of cooperating active sensors, determine their three-dimensional locations with respect to a geospatial site model, and present this information to a human operator who controls the system through a graphical user interface. The goal is to automatically collect and disseminate real-time information to improve the situational awareness of security providers and decision makers. The feasibility of real-time video surveillance has been demonstrated within a multicamera testbed system developed on the campus of CMU. This paper presents an overview of the issues and algorithms involved in creating this semiautonomous, multicamera surveillance system 相似文献
70.