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71.
The catalytic activities of alumina prepared from an Al alkoxide-amine adduct monomer for the reaction of cyclopentene oxide with piperidine was determined after various pretreatments, including calcination and exposure to moisture. They were compared with the activity of alumina prepared by the conventional hydrolysis method. It was found that the as-prepared sample from the alkoxide-amine monomer preparation was five times more active than a conventional preparation, suggesting that it has a higher density of surface Lewis acid sites. However, its activity was much more severely suppressed by exposure to moisture. 相似文献
72.
Jean-Fran?ois Blais Nathalie Meunier Guy Mercier Patrick Drogui Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,130(5):516-525
This research is related to a preindustrial pilot scale study of the performance of the simultaneous sewage sludge digestion and metal leaching (SSDML) process for decontamination and stabilization of sewage sludge. Ten batch tests were carried out in two 4?m3 bioreactors under various conditions of operation. Results indicated that the addition of 1.0 to 1.5?g?S0/L, which is the equivalent of approximately 30 to 50?kg?S0 per tons dry sludge, is sufficient to obtain conditions of acidity (pH<2.5) and oxido-reduction potential greater than 500 mV necessary for an effective solubilization of toxic metals. The final average of metal solubilization in the output sludge during the SSDML process varied in the following ranges: 25–78% Cd, 9–32% Cr, 48–100% Cu, 77–99% Mn, 15–53% Ni, 12–47% Pb, and 66–100% Zn. The N, P, and K contents were also preserved in the decontaminated sludge. Moreover, the use of low concentrations of elemental sulfur makes it possible to obtain decontaminated sludge with a low total sulfur content (1.4–1.5% S) compatible with agricultural use. The suspended solids removal calculated for the SSDML process was slightly lower, (2.5±0.4)% volatile suspended solids per day, than those reached using standard aerobic digestion. Finally, the SSDML process was found to be effective in removing bad odors and in the destruction (99–100%) of indicator bacteria. 相似文献
73.
吐哈盆地巴喀油田特低渗砂岩油层裂缝分布特征 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
巴喀油田中侏罗统砂岩属特低渗透裂缝 孔隙型储集层 ,平均渗透率为 0 .3× 10 - 3μm2 ;地下基质岩块孔隙度为7.4%,渗透率为 0 .16× 10 - 3μm2 。砂岩储集层发育的主要裂缝类型有构造层理缝、正向正交缝、斜向正交缝和羽裂等 ,裂缝宽度一般为 0 .3~ 3 .2mm ,纵向切深为 0 .1~ 0 .8m ,水平延伸长度为 0 .2~ 2 .1m。裂缝以半充填为主 ,其分布受岩性、层厚和构造位置的影响 ,纵向、横向均呈带状分布 ,被裂缝切割而成的基质岩块尺寸取决于裂缝频率 ,岩块长轴方向以北西西向为主 ,与构造轴向基本一致。图 3表 4参 8 相似文献
74.
层序单元体系域划分及勘探意义 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
体系域是层序地层学理论体系中的重要概念,在隐蔽油气藏的勘探中,勘探家们极为重视低位体系域。但体系域的成因意义、是否有不同级别层序的体系域以及如何划分,在实际工作中认识不一致。结合勃海湾盆地的勘探实例,分析体系域的成因机制、组合特征和勘探规律,认为:体系域是基准面变化等因素作用的产物,不同级别的层序都发育着与其对应的体系域:一般情况下,三级层序对应的体系域单元与含油气层的规模相匹配,但四级层序对应的体系域才是隐蔽油气藏赋存的有利部位。图5参6。 相似文献
75.
Branislav Radjenovi? Jae Koo Lee Marija Radmilovi?-Radjenovi? 《Computer Physics Communications》2006,174(2):127-132
Level set method [S. Osher, J. Sethian, J. Comput. Phys. 79 (1988) 12] is a highly robust and accurate computational technique for tracking moving interfaces in various application domains. It originates from the idea to view the moving front as a particular level set of a higher dimensional function, so the topological merging and breaking, sharp gradients and cusps can form naturally, and the effects of curvature can be easily incorporated. The resulting equations, describing interface surface evolution, are of Hamilton-Jacobi type and they are solved using techniques developed for hyperbolic equations. In this paper we describe an extension of the sparse field method for solving level set equations in the case of non-convex Hamiltonians, which are common in the simulations of the profile surface evolution during plasma etching and deposition processes. Sparse field method itself, developed by Whitaker [R. Whitaker, Internat. J. Comput. Vision 29 (3) (1998) 203] and broadly used in image processing community, is an alternative to the usual combination of narrow band and fast marching procedures for the computationally effective solving of level set equations. The developed procedure is applied to the simulations of 3D feature profile surface evolution during plasma etching process, that include the effects of ion enhanced chemical etching and physical sputtering, which are the primary causes of the Hamiltonian non-convexity. 相似文献
76.
On the effect of spatial variances in historical rainfall time series to CSO performance evaluation.
Historical, high-resolution rain series are the backbone of modern combined sewer overflow (CSO) structure design. These rain series are the input to the computational estimation of the performance of the measures with respect to CSO pollution abatement. However, those historical precipitation measurements are available at only a few locations. Frequently rain series have to be used from gauging stations at a significant distance. In order to judge and to compensate for this influence an estimate between rain characteristics and combined sewer outflow (CSO) performance indicators would be useful. In this paper such correlations have been sought for a collection of 37 rain series covering large areas of Europe. It was found that the mean annual rain volume can explain most of the variances for the performance indicators Number of overflows and CSO volume. For explaining the spatial differences in the efficiency of the CSO structure another rain characteristic, i.e. the maximum event with a return period of one year, is to be used. 相似文献
77.
本文将空间结构变化的要求与动态资料确定的储量共同作为约束,建立了包含两个约束条件的目标函数, 应用模拟退火算法对孔隙率的空间分布进行预测。在实现过程中,通过初始控制参数的给定及目标函数修改提高了运算效率。由于目标函数有效地整合了静、动态信息,从而降低了模拟结果的不确定性.提高了模拟的精度。合成数据及实际数据的模拟试验表明,整合区域特性约束不仅提高了孔隙率模拟精度,而且算法收敛快、稳定性高。 相似文献
78.
吐哈油田小井眼开窗侧钻井主要采用混原油钻井液,不利于环境保护。从研究MEG单体的作用机理入手,以钻井液润滑性、抑制防塌性为主要评价指标,对MEG钻井液配方进行了优选,并对优选配方钻井液性能进行了评价。该钻井液在4口小井眼开窗侧钻井进行了试验应用。结果表明:应用井无阻、卡现象,平均钻井周期缩短了7.2d;在未混原油的情况下钻井液润滑系数比乳化原油(15%~20%)钻井液降低了34.6%;油层保护效果好,其中温5-41C井日产油14.4t,同比温五区块平均产量提高了128.4%,神218C井是神229区块目前唯一的自喷井。表明优选出的MEG钻井液具有优良的润滑性、抑制防塌性及良好的储层保护效果,特别适合强水敏地层及大斜度井和水平井等特殊复杂工艺井的钻进。 相似文献
79.
80.